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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Towards High-Spectral-Resolution Micron-Scale NMR Using NV Centers in Diamond

David R. Glenn, Dominik Bucher, Ronald Lee Walsworth

Published May 25, 2016• 0 citations
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Quantitative quantum sensing with shallow electron spins, such as those hosted by nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, requires accurate knowledge of the spin's depth below the host material's surface. A widely used approach infers this depth from the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal of immersion oil on the diamond surface that can be detected using dynamical decoupling sequences such as XY8. However, finite-width pulses make XY8 sensitive to subharmonic responses, including unwanted contributions from nearby 13C spins, and its instrument-limited spectral resolution provides only sparse sampling of the narrow 1H NMR lineshape. Here, we introduce Spin-Lock NMR as an alternative approach to single-NV depth determination. By tuning the Spin-Lock Rabi frequency to the 1H Larmor frequency, the NV probes the 1H NMR signal through the Hartmann-Hahn resonance without the harmonic ambiguities of pulsed decoupling sequences and with substantially higher instrument-limited spectral resolution. We derive a quantitative Spin-Lock NMR fit function from a Markovian master equation that directly relates the measured spectrum to the NV depth. Our approach yields NV depth estimates in excellent agreement with the established XY8-based protocol across multiple NV centers and establishes Spin-Lock NMR as a robust alternative for quantitative single-NV depth determination. To demonstrate its applicability, we employ our method to investigate the 1H nuclear spin signal that is regularly reported to be present on diamond, even in the absence of immersion oil.

cond-mat.mes-hallCross-listedarXiv:2607.17734•Jul 21, 2026•0 citations
Optically probed nitrogen-vacancy (NV)) quantum defects in diamond can detect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals with high-spectral resolution from micron-scale sample volumes of about 10 pl.However, a key challenge for NV-NMR spectroscopy is detecting samples at millimolar concentrations.Here we demonstrate an increase in NV-NMR proton concentration sensitivity by hyperpolarizing sample proton spins to about 0.5% through signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), enabling micron-scale NMR spectroscopy of small-molecule sample concentrations as low as 1 mM in picoliter volumes.The SABRE-enhanced NV-NMR technique may enable detection and chemical analysis of low-concentration molecules and their dynamics in complex micron-scale systems such as single cells.
Quantitative quantum sensing with shallow electron spins, such as those hosted by nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, requires accurate knowledge of the spin's depth below the host material's surface. A widely used approach infers this depth from the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal of immersion oil on the diamond surface that can be detected using dynamical decoupling sequences such as XY8. However, finite-width pulses make XY8 sensitive to subharmonic responses, including unwanted contributions from nearby 13C spins, and its instrument-limited spectral resolution provides only sparse sampling of the narrow 1H NMR lineshape. Here, we introduce Spin-Lock NMR as an alternative approach to single-NV depth determination. By tuning the Spin-Lock Rabi frequency to the 1H Larmor frequency, the NV probes the 1H NMR signal through the Hartmann-Hahn resonance without the harmonic ambiguities of pulsed decoupling sequences and with substantially higher instrument-limited spectral resolution. We derive a quantitative Spin-Lock NMR fit function from a Markovian master equation that directly relates the measured spectrum to the NV depth. Our approach yields NV depth estimates in excellent agreement with the established XY8-based protocol across multiple NV centers and establishes Spin-Lock NMR as a robust alternative for quantitative single-NV depth determination. To demonstrate its applicability, we employ our method to investigate the 1H nuclear spin signal that is regularly reported to be present on diamond, even in the absence of immersion oil.