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IEEE Photonics Conference

Fabrication of a centimeter-long cavity on nanofibe for strong-coupling regime of cavity QED

Jameesh Keloth, K. P. Nayak, 王杰 Wang Jie, K. Hakuta

Published Oct 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the fabrication of a centimeter-long cavity directly on the nanofibe using femtosecond laser ablation. The cavity can operate in both “strong-coupling” and “Purcell” regime of cavity QED with moderate finesse high cooperativity and high transmission. The high optical quality of the cavity modes show promising avenues for fibe-based quantum interface and single photon sources.

DOI
10.1109/ipcon.2017.8116185

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We report the fabrication of a centimeter-long cavity directly on the nanofibe using femtosecond laser ablation. The cavity can operate in both “strong-coupling” and “Purcell” regime of cavity QED with moderate finesse high cooperativity and high transmission. The high optical quality of the cavity modes show promising avenues for fibe-based quantum interface and single photon sources.
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Optical nanofibers provide a versatile platform for exploring strong light-matter interactions at the single-quantum level, a central goal of quantum optics. Their subwavelength diameter supports tightly confined guided modes with strong evanescent fields, enabling efficient coupling between photons and nearby atoms. By incorporating fiber Bragg gratings, nanofibers can form fully fiber-integrated high-finesse cavities, combining strong atom-photon coupling with efficient and low-loss optical input-output interfacing in the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In parallel, nanofiber systems naturally realize waveguide QED, where atoms interact strongly with propagating photons in a one-dimensional geometry. In this review, we introduce the underlying physical principles, summarize key experimental techniques and representative phenomena, and discuss prospects for applications in quantum information processing, quantum networks, and related quantum technologies.
We demonstrate cavity QED conditions in the Purcell regime for single quantum emitters on the surface of an optical nanofiber. The cavity is formed by combining an optical nanofiber and a nanofabricated grating to create a composite photonic crystal cavity. By using this technique, significant enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate into the nanofiber guided modes is observed for single quantum dots. Our results pave the way for enhanced on-fiber light-matter interfaces with clear applications to quantum networks.
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We describe a fiber ring resonator comprised of a relatively long loop of standard single-mode fiber with a short nanofiber segment. The evanescent mode of the nanofiber segment allows the cavity-enhanced field to interact with atoms in close proximity to the nanofiber surface. We report on an experiment using a warm atomic vapor and low-finesse cavity, and briefly discuss the potential for reaching the strong coupling regime of cavity QED by using trapped atoms and a high-finesse cavity of this kind.
We propose a single-sided optical nanofiber cavity (SSONFC) to facilitate cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). The structure is designed and analyzed throughs finite-difference time-domain simulations. A systematic evaluation of the cavity properties and spontaneous emission characteristics has been conducted. Our findings demonstrate that this design significantly enhances the spontaneous emission rate of a single quantum emitter (SQE). A Purcell factor of ∼22\sim 22∼22 and a maximum unidirectional single-photon coupling efficiency of around 72%72 \%72% into the ONF’s guided mode can be achieved when an SQE is positioned on the SSONFC surface. Additionally, a high scattering limited quality factor (Q∼2510Q \sim 2510Q∼2510) is obtained for the fundamental cavity mode. The structure’s dimensions can be adjusted to accommodate different SQE emission wavelengths, making it a versatile solution. This fiberintegrated single-photon device holds potential for applications in quantum phase switches, and single-photon transistors.