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arXiv:1701.06719 · Optics Letters

Fabrication of a centimeter-long cavity on a nanofiber for cavity quantum electrodynamics

Jameesh Keloth, K. P. Nayak, K. Hakuta

Published Feb 24, 2017• 38 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report the fabrication of a 1.2 cm long cavity directly on a nanofiber using femtosecond laser ablation. The cavity modes with finesse values in the range of 200-400 can enable the "strong-coupling" regime of cavity QED, with high cooperativity of 10-20, for a single atom trapped 200 nm away from the fiber surface [Phys. Rev. A80, 053826 (2009)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.80.053826]. Such cavity modes can still maintain the transmission between 40%-60%, suggesting a one-pass intracavity transmission of 99.53%. Other cavity modes, which can enable cooperativity in the range of 3-10, show transmission over 60%-85% and are suitable for fiber-based single-photon sources and quantum nonlinear optics in the "Purcell" regime.

DOI
10.1364/ol.42.001003

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We describe a fiber ring resonator comprised of a relatively long loop of standard single-mode fiber with a short nanofiber segment. The evanescent mode of the nanofiber segment allows the cavity-enhanced field to interact with atoms in close proximity to the nanofiber surface. We report on an experiment using a warm atomic vapor and low-finesse cavity, and briefly discuss the potential for reaching the strong coupling regime of cavity QED by using trapped atoms and a high-finesse cavity of this kind.
Optical nanofibers provide a versatile platform for exploring strong light-matter interactions at the single-quantum level, a central goal of quantum optics. Their subwavelength diameter supports tightly confined guided modes with strong evanescent fields, enabling efficient coupling between photons and nearby atoms. By incorporating fiber Bragg gratings, nanofibers can form fully fiber-integrated high-finesse cavities, combining strong atom-photon coupling with efficient and low-loss optical input-output interfacing in the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In parallel, nanofiber systems naturally realize waveguide QED, where atoms interact strongly with propagating photons in a one-dimensional geometry. In this review, we introduce the underlying physical principles, summarize key experimental techniques and representative phenomena, and discuss prospects for applications in quantum information processing, quantum networks, and related quantum technologies.