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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Magnetic field measurement by stimulated Raman transitions and smoothing by dynamical compensation in rubidium fountain clock

Wenli Wang, Richang Dong, Rong Wei, Tingting Chen, Qian Wang, Yuzhu Wang

Published Jul 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a method for magnetic field measurement by the weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting and a method for measuring the magnetic field vector by probing the line strength of stimulated Raman transitions. Compared with the traditional measurement, the contrast of the weak magnetic-sensitive resonance signal is improved significantly for gradient field. We also present a dynamical compensation method to smooth the spatial fluctuation of the magnetic field in the fountain clock. A homogeneous field with a 0.4 nT peak-to-peak value is realized compared to 5nT under the static magnetic field.

DOI
10.1109/fcs.2017.8088885

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We present a method for magnetic field measurement by the weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting and a method for measuring the magnetic field vector by probing the line strength of stimulated Raman transitions. Compared with the traditional measurement, the contrast of the weak magnetic-sensitive resonance signal is improved significantly for gradient field. We also present a dynamical compensation method to smooth the spatial fluctuation of the magnetic field in the fountain clock. A homogeneous field with a 0.4 nT peak-to-peak value is realized compared to 5nT under the static magnetic field.
We present a method for magnetic field measurement by the weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting based on stimulated Raman transition. The magnetic field intensity measured by our proposed method is consistent with that by the magnetic-sensitive method in the error range of 0.5%. Compared with the traditional measurement, the contrast of the weak magnetic-sensitive resonance signal is improved significantly for gradient field. The dependence of the Raman transitions on polarization schemes is analyzed. The cancellation of the differential light shift between the separated peaks is demonstrated by proper choice of polarization configuration. The presented method is applicable to measuring the magnetic field with large gradient, such as 2–40 mG/mm in our clock, where the traditional method is unsuitable.
In this article, taking advantage of the special magnetic shieldings and the optimal coil design of a transportable Rb atomic fountain clock, the intensity distribution in space and the fluctuations with time of the quantization magnetic field in the Ramsey region were measured using the atomic magneton-sensitive transition method. In an approximately 310 mm long Ramsey region, a peak-to-peak magnetic field intensity of a 0.74 nT deviation in space and a 0.06 nT fluctuation with time were obtained. These results correspond to a second-order Zeeman frequency shift of approximately (2095.5±5.1)×10-17. This is an essential step in advancing the total frequency uncertainty of the fountain clock to the order of 10-17.
In many experiments involving cold atoms, it is crucial to know the strength of the magnetic field and/or the magnetic field gradient at the precise location of a measurement. While auxiliary sensors can provide some of this information, the sensors are usually not perfectly co-located with the atoms and so can only provide an approximation to the magnetic field strength. In this article, we describe a technique to measure the magnetic field, based on Raman spectroscopy, using the same atomic fountain source that will be used in future magnetically sensitive measurements.