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Chinese Optics Letters

87Rb喷泉原子钟的磁场测量

Chunyan Shi, Rong Wei, Zichao Zhou, Desheng Lv, Tang Li, Yuzhu Wang

Published Jan 1, 2010• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experiment on measuring the magnetic field in Ramsey interaction region of the atomic fountain clock by detecting the Zeeman frequency shift of 87 Rb hyperfine transition is presented.By mu-metal shielding and coils compensating, the magnetic fluctuations resulting from asymmetry and instability are less than 10 and 0.025 nT, respectively.The relative frequency uncertainty of atomic fountain clock caused by the magnetic field is less than 5.4×10 -16 .

DOI
10.3788/col20100806.0549

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An experiment on measuring the magnetic field in Ramsey interaction region of the atomic fountain clock by detecting the Zeeman frequency shift of 87 Rb hyperfine transition is presented.By mu-metal shielding and coils compensating, the magnetic fluctuations resulting from asymmetry and instability are less than 10 and 0.025 nT, respectively.The relative frequency uncertainty of atomic fountain clock caused by the magnetic field is less than 5.4×10 -16 .
In this article, taking advantage of the special magnetic shieldings and the optimal coil design of a transportable Rb atomic fountain clock, the intensity distribution in space and the fluctuations with time of the quantization magnetic field in the Ramsey region were measured using the atomic magneton-sensitive transition method. In an approximately 310 mm long Ramsey region, a peak-to-peak magnetic field intensity of a 0.74 nT deviation in space and a 0.06 nT fluctuation with time were obtained. These results correspond to a second-order Zeeman frequency shift of approximately (2095.5±5.1)×10-17. This is an essential step in advancing the total frequency uncertainty of the fountain clock to the order of 10-17.
We present a method for magnetic field measurement by the weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting and a method for measuring the magnetic field vector by probing the line strength of stimulated Raman transitions. Compared with the traditional measurement, the contrast of the weak magnetic-sensitive resonance signal is improved significantly for gradient field. We also present a dynamical compensation method to smooth the spatial fluctuation of the magnetic field in the fountain clock. A homogeneous field with a 0.4 nT peak-to-peak value is realized compared to 5nT under the static magnetic field.
Abstract—We demonstrate a prototype of a laser-cooled 87Rb fountain clock. We report a preliminary measurement of the frequency shift due to cold collisions and find the shift to be at least a factor of ten less than that in a laser-cooled Cs clock. We also demonstrate the use of the ac Zeeman shift to measure the response of a microwave cavity. Finally, we have demonstrated a juggling atomic fountain and discuss the application of this technique to fountain and microgravity atomic clocks. Index Terms—Atomic clock, microwave resonators, microwave spectroscopy, rubidium materials/devices. I.
Atomic physics experiments commonly use millitesla-scale magnetic fields to provide a quantization axis. As atomic transition frequencies depend on the magnitude of this field, many experiments require a stable absolute field. Most setups use electromagnets, which require a power supply stability not usually met by commercially available units. We demonstrate the stabilization of a field of 14.6 mT to 4.3 nT rms noise (0.29 ppm), compared to noise of >100 nT without any stabilization. The rms noise is measured using a field-dependent hyperfine transition in a single 43Ca+ ion held in a Paul trap at the center of the magnetic field coils. For the 43Ca+ “atomic clock” qubit transition at 14.6 mT, which depends on the field only in second order, this would yield a projected coherence time of many hours. Our system consists of a feedback loop and a feedforward circuit that control the current through the field coils and could easily be adapted to other field amplitudes, making it suitable for other applications such as neutral atom traps.