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Applied Physics Letters

Magnetic field measurement by weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting

Richang Dong, Rong Wei, Yuanbo Du, Fan Zou, Jinda Lin, Yuzhu Wang

Published Apr 13, 2015• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a method for magnetic field measurement by the weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting based on stimulated Raman transition. The magnetic field intensity measured by our proposed method is consistent with that by the magnetic-sensitive method in the error range of 0.5%. Compared with the traditional measurement, the contrast of the weak magnetic-sensitive resonance signal is improved significantly for gradient field. The dependence of the Raman transitions on polarization schemes is analyzed. The cancellation of the differential light shift between the separated peaks is demonstrated by proper choice of polarization configuration. The presented method is applicable to measuring the magnetic field with large gradient, such as 2–40 mG/mm in our clock, where the traditional method is unsuitable.

DOI
10.1063/1.4918650

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We present a method for magnetic field measurement by the weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting based on stimulated Raman transition. The magnetic field intensity measured by our proposed method is consistent with that by the magnetic-sensitive method in the error range of 0.5%. Compared with the traditional measurement, the contrast of the weak magnetic-sensitive resonance signal is improved significantly for gradient field. The dependence of the Raman transitions on polarization schemes is analyzed. The cancellation of the differential light shift between the separated peaks is demonstrated by proper choice of polarization configuration. The presented method is applicable to measuring the magnetic field with large gradient, such as 2–40 mG/mm in our clock, where the traditional method is unsuitable.
We present a method for magnetic field measurement by the weak magnetic-sensitive Zeeman splitting and a method for measuring the magnetic field vector by probing the line strength of stimulated Raman transitions. Compared with the traditional measurement, the contrast of the weak magnetic-sensitive resonance signal is improved significantly for gradient field. We also present a dynamical compensation method to smooth the spatial fluctuation of the magnetic field in the fountain clock. A homogeneous field with a 0.4 nT peak-to-peak value is realized compared to 5nT under the static magnetic field.
We have theoretically and experimentally studied Raman resonances in multi-level atoms (specifically 85Rb). By varying the relative orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the propagation direction of the Raman fields, we have changed the spectrum to consist of five, six, or eleven peaks. However, the spectrum was not always an incoherent sum of the five and six peak spectra and was not always symmetric with respect to the magnetically insensitive transition (clock transition). Using Ramsey interference, we explored decoherence and noise sources in or system. We discuss potential application to magnetometry.
Atomic sensing is, at large, based on measuring energy differences. Specifically, magnetometry is typically performed by using a superposition of two quantum states, the energy difference of which depends linearly on the magnetic field due to the Zeeman effect. The magnetic field is then evaluated from repeated measurements of the accumulated dynamic phase between the two Zeeman states. Here we show that atomic clock states, with an energy separation that is independent of the magnetic field, can nevertheless acquire a phase that is magnetic field dependent. We experimentally demonstrate this on an ensemble of optically trapped ^{87}Rb atoms. Finally, we use this effect to propose a magnetic field sensing method for static and time-dependent magnetic fields and analyze its sensitivity, showing it essentially allows for high-sensitivity magnetometery.
Recently a new type of spectroscopy using Zeeman shift has been developed, which aims for a large recapture range by making a dispersive-like signal obtained from the subtraction of two different circularly polarized Doppler-broadened absorption signals in the presence of a magnetic field (order of 100 G). We would like to propose another method for stabilizing a diode laser frequency onto an atomic frequency with a small tunable range in the presence of small longitudinal magnetic field (order of Gauss). A solid state diode laser is preferred as it is a good light source. Our technique has the advantages of cancellation of frequency fluctuation over side-locking and no need for phase-sensitive detection and frequency modulation over peak-locking. A subtracted SAS signal and the blocking signal are displayed on one photodiode.
The polarization rotation and coherent population trapping signal arising due to two photon process using linearly polarized light are found to be significantly enhanced for a Zeeman degenerate system. The zero crossing of the dispersive profile is found to be shifting proportional to the applied magnetic field, albeit the absorptive profile position remains invariant for a slightly imbalanced orthogonal circular polarization component. It provides an alternative method for precise measurement of vector magnetic field without requirement of a bias field. The use of polarization rotation signal for magnetic field measurement offers added advantage due to improved signal to noise ratio.