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EPJ Web of Conferences

Studying frequency correlations of photon pairs generated via spontaneous four–wave mixing in a microring resonator

Ilya Chuprina, А. А. Калачев

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spontaneous four–wave mixing (SFWM) in a microring resonator is considered theoretically. The joint spectral amplitude and Schmidt number of generated biphoton field are calculated numerically for different pump pulses. Optimal pulse shapes that provide maximum efficiency of SFWM and minimum frequency correlations between signal and idler photons are found.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/201716103002

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Spontaneous four–wave mixing (SFWM) in a microring resonator is considered theoretically. The joint spectral amplitude and Schmidt number of generated biphoton field are calculated numerically for different pump pulses. Optimal pulse shapes that provide maximum efficiency of SFWM and minimum frequency correlations between signal and idler photons are found.
We investigate spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a single-channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators (SCISSOR). Analytic expressions for the number of photon pairs generated, as well as the biphoton wave function (joint spectral amplitude) describing the pairs, are derived and numerically computed for different pump pulse durations and numbers of ring resonators. In the limit of a long input pump pulse, we show a strong analogy between super-linear scaling of generation efficiency with respect to the number of rings in the structure and Dicke superradiance. More generally, we discuss in detail the factors that influence the shape of the biphoton wave function, as well as the conditions for observing super-SFWM.
We present a self-contained analytical model for biphoton generation in microring resonators. Encompassing both all-pass and add-drop geometries, identical and distinct pump and biphoton coupling coefficients, and continuous-wave and pulsed pumping, our interaction-picture-based approach reveals time-frequency biphoton correlations while also predicting absolute generation rates. Under continuous-wave excitation, we find critical coupling of both the pump and biphoton to maximize the rate of single photons extracted from the microring, whereas critical coupling of the pump but overcoupling of the biphoton maximize the two-photon rate. Under pulsed pumping, overcoupling of both pump and biphoton (to different degrees) maximizes photon extraction probabilities, albeit under a tradeoff with spectral factorability that we quantify via parameter scans over a range of coupler pairings. As a whole, our formalism should prove valuable for the practical design of integrated photon sources, merging a flexible and intuitive biphoton-centric depiction with quantitative predictions closely tied to experimental parameters.
Nowadays, Quantum Photonics finds a number of significant applications, such as Quantum Computing and Quantum Communication. Silicon on Insulator (SOI) technology has proven its potential for the generation of correlated photon pairs through the spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) effect, but not in the visible wavelength range. In this invited paper we present the physical investigation and design guidelines of AlGaN microring resonators for generating photon entanglement, as induced by SFWM in the visible. The work theoretically demonstrates the possibility of realizing the on-chip generation of correlated pairs of photons within integrated microring resonators based on the AlGaN/AlN technological platform, due to its wide bandgap, crystalline structure and low losses. Furthermore, general physical features are presented by means of a parametric analysis of the biphoton flux and cross correlation as a function of the device parameters, i.e. ring radius, resonator cross section and sizes, pulley coupling. Moreover, the spectral features of the generated signal and idler photons have been analyzed as a function of the pump resonance mismatch for several Kerr coefficients and input visible “blue” pump powers. Cross correlation values around 2.3 ×104at a biphoton flux of about 9×104pairs/s and 2×103at about 2.9×106pairs/s for ring radius of 200 μm and 30 μm have been achieved, respectively, assuming a input pump power of 25 mW, while the signal is generated at wavelength of 369.5 nm and idler at 535.72 nm, for ring radius of 200 μm, and 369.5 and 457.45 nm for ring radius of 30 μm, respectively. These devices can be important for many applications, going from UV-visible spectroscopy to quantum sensing to image processing to nonlinear optics.
Abstract We present the optimal design for an on-chip single-photon source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in a system of coupled ring microresonators, which provides the frequency-uncorrelated joint spectral amplitude of the biphoton field and thereby the generation of pure single-photon heralded states. A simple method is proposed for suppressing negative dispersion effects by optimizing the controlled spectroscopic parameters of the system. It shown that the optimal coupling parameters, in combination with the optimal spectral width of the pump pulse, give rise to the highest purity of the heralded photons for a given pump linewidth.