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Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences

Design a new protocol for quantum key distribution

Manish Kalra, Ramesh Chandra Poonia

Published Aug 18, 2017• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum key distribution is the latest advancement in quantum cryptography. There are several QKD protocols like BB84, B92, Ekert91, COW, SARG04, etc. out of which B92 is the Second protocol developed in 1992 based on Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. In this paper we are discussing first about the working of B92 protocol and then proposing a new protocol which is a variation over B92 protocol, second the design of simulation setup is discussed. Object oriented approach is used in the simulation designing of new protocol and B92 protocol.

DOI
10.1080/02522667.2017.1374723

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Quantum key distribution is the latest advancement in quantum cryptography. There are several QKD protocols like BB84, B92, Ekert91, COW, SARG04, etc. out of which B92 is the Second protocol developed in 1992 based on Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. In this paper we are discussing first about the working of B92 protocol and then proposing a new protocol which is a variation over B92 protocol, second the design of simulation setup is discussed. Object oriented approach is used in the simulation designing of new protocol and B92 protocol.
Quantum Cryptography (QKD) uses the laws of Quantum Mechanics to create new cryptographic primitives.Precisely, this technique is based on two laws of quantum mechanics, namely uncertainty principle and no-cloning theorem.The best known QKD is the BB84 protocol published by Bennett and Brassard in 1984.Since then, various QKD protocols have been developed for example a B92 protocol.This latter is similar to that of BB84but this time using only two non-orthogonal states of the four states of BB84.In this work, we develop the java simulation B92 protocol and we give some details of the implementation.Next, we show by an example how Alice (Initiator) can configure the protocol parameters before execution.Finally, we give the statistical results allowing to compare this protocol with that of BB84.
Quantum computing is essentially exploiting and harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics to process information. With it, rise the era of a new cryptosystem that has the potential to be unconditionally secure which is known as quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography uses the properties of quantum mechanics to develop an unbreakable cryptosystem that can never be compromised. Quantum key distribution (QKD), which is an area in quantum cryptography, provides a way for distribution of secure key between two parties. Some of the existing QKD protocols include BB84 protocol, B92 protocol, SARG04 protocol, E91 protocol and many more. In this paper, the trends and challenges in Quantum Key Distribution is reviewed.
This paper presents the development, comparison, and analysis of several implementations of the B92 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol. To achieve this goal three prototypes which consists of traditional simulators (non-quantum) were created, one for the B92 protocol, one for the B92 protocol with an eavesdropper, and one for the B92 protocol with the Quantum Bit Travel Time (QBTT) eavesdropper detection method. The principles of quantum mechanics were studied, as a foundation of quantum cryptography, for the implementation of the simulation programs that were written in C++, focusing mainly on the B92 protocol and QBTT eavesdropper detection method. We compared the Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for the implementation of the B92 protocol without an eavesdropper, the B92 protocol with an eavesdropper and the B92 protocol with the QBTT eavesdropper detection method and found that the latest one significantly reduces the QBER from the final key.
Essential role of Internet-based communication is the security of information. Classical Cryptography is based on mathematical models and computational complexity to compute the secret key. It does not provide enough security because finding a fast method to calculate the secret key will compromise the security of the system. Quantum Key Distribution is one of the most promising methods which provide unconditional security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses a quantum property in exchanging information called photons, as carriers of information in security systems, and QKD cannot separate from protocols BB84, B92 and BBM92. In this paper, we are testing the probability error comparison of BB84 protocol, B92 protocol, and BBM92 using QuVis simulator software. The results show that the B92 protocol is more relevant in detecting eavesdropping in lower error rates than the other two protocols.
Even though there have been various proposed and wideley used ciphering techniques in cryptography, main improvements in this field came out with the idea of “super computing”. Till now, popular methods like DES, AES and RSA which can be mathematically cracked in a duration of universe’s age, have been proposed. But all of these methods’s future is at risk because of the studies in production of “Quantum Computer”s of which computation speed is estimated to be very high so that no other existing super computers compete with them. At this stage, by using quantum mechanics a new method called “Quantum Key Distribution” and its protocols for the process of building cipher key, are proposed instead of determining new mathematical solutions for securing the data. In this study, a simulation project based on previously proposed Quantum Key Distribution protocols BB84 and B92, will be explained. At the end of the project by using BB84 and B92 protocols, a comparison of quantum bit error rates and detection rates of eavesdropping according to protocols, is done and results are obtained.
Background: The basic Protocols of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and their variations use a one way quantum channel for the transmission of quantum information and later use a classical channel for reconciliation phase. Objective: In this paper we are discussing a QKD protocol which is a variation over two basic protocols i.e. BB84 and B92 and uses two-way quantum channel instead of one way quantum channel and it also uses classical channel for reconciliation phase. Method: This protocol is synchronized in a manner that both parties who want to share key start communication at same point of time. Results: We have also given the design for proposed protocols and their comparison with basic protocols. Conclusion: Finally we analyzed the results and found the proposed protocols better with high capacity and low error estimation. Keywords: Variation of QKD protocols, enhanced methodology for QKD protocols, QKD protocols, BB84, B92, two way QKD.