Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Journal of Advanced engineering Management and Science

Performance Evaluation of Secure Key Distribution Based on the B92 Protocol

Brahim Ouchao, Abdeslam Jakimi

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Cryptography (QKD) uses the laws of Quantum Mechanics to create new cryptographic primitives.Precisely, this technique is based on two laws of quantum mechanics, namely uncertainty principle and no-cloning theorem.The best known QKD is the BB84 protocol published by Bennett and Brassard in 1984.Since then, various QKD protocols have been developed for example a B92 protocol.This latter is similar to that of BB84but this time using only two non-orthogonal states of the four states of BB84.In this work, we develop the java simulation B92 protocol and we give some details of the implementation.Next, we show by an example how Alice (Initiator) can configure the protocol parameters before execution.Finally, we give the statistical results allowing to compare this protocol with that of BB84.

DOI
10.22161/ijaems.4.6.6

Related papers

QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SCHEME: AN IMPROVEMENT BASED ON BB84 PROTOCOL

Kausik Saha

Cryptography is being introduced to secure data. Through Classical Cryptographic technique, we can encrypt our data and secure secret key also. But classical cryptography is based on mathematical techniques where reversing one-way function is possible with sufficient computing power and time. So, Quantum Cryptography is introduced to overcome those drawbacks of traditional classical cryptography. It is based on the values of quantum mechanics and photon. Scientists and researchers have brought up a new key distribution protocol based on Quantum Cryptography is called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocol. The first QKD protocol BB84 was introduced by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. After that several QKD protocols have been created. In this paper we have improved BB84 Protocol by removing the drawbacks of the existing algorithm towards Eavesdropping which may not be detected or disclosing large portion of secret key. Steps of the existing BB84 algorithm along with the modified one is described in detail with example and pseudo code. Limitations of BB84 and comparative study of both the existing and the improved one based on their security has been made and described in this current work.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science•Apr 20, 2018•1 citation

Comprehensive Analysis of BB84, A Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

SujayKumar Reddy M, Chandra Mohan B

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique that enables secure communication between two parties by sharing a secret key. One of the most well-known QKD protocols is the BB84 protocol, proposed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. In this protocol, Alice and Bob use a quantum channel to exchange qubits, allowing them to generate a shared key that is resistant to eavesdropping. This paper presents a comparative study of existing QKD schemes, including the BB84 protocol, and highlights the advancements made in the BB84 protocol over the years. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different QKD schemes and their strengths and weaknesses and demonstrate QKDs working principles through existing simulations and implementations. Through this study, we show that the BB84 protocol is a highly secure QKD scheme that has been extensively studied and implemented in various settings. Furthermore, we discuss the improvements made to the BB84 protocol to enhance its security and practicality, including the use of decoy states and advanced error correction techniques. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of QKD schemes, focusing on the BB84 protocol in secure communication technologies.

arXiv:2312.05609•Dec 9, 2023•2 citations

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for Symmetric Key Transfer

Asoke Nath, Shreya Maity, Soham Banerjee +1 more

Classical cryptographic systems are increasingly challenged by advances in computing power and new algorithmic techniques, particularly with the rise of quantum computing, which threatens the security of current encryption methods. This has spurred interest in quantum-resistant cryptography, aimed at creating algorithms that can withstand attacks from quantum computers. Traditionally, secure key transport over alternate channels has been a significant challenge, but quantum mechanics offers a solution. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary method for secure communication that leverages quantum principles. Unlike traditional methods, QKD provides unconditional security, with key security ensured by the laws of physics rather than computational difficulty. The BB84 protocol, introduced in 1984 by Bennett and Brassard, is a leading QKD scheme known for its simplicity and effectiveness in generating eavesdropping-resistant cryptographic keys. It facilitates secure key transport over alternate channels. This documentation aims to advance QKD security by practically implementing and analyzing the BB84 protocol. Through detailed theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and experimental validation, the practical impacts, and limitations of BB84-based QKD systems are examined. Additionally, a practical implementation of quantum key distribution using a sudoku key demonstrates the process's simplicity and effectiveness. These findings are expected to pave new paths in the field of cryptanalysis in the emerging Quantum Age.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology•May 15, 2024•2 citations

Simulating the BB84 Protocol

Kirti Kushwah, Akanksha Akanksha, Aniket Varshney +2 more

Abstract: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that allows two parties to establish a secure communication channel by using the laws of quantum mechanics. The BB84 protocol is one of the earliest and most widely used QKD protocols that uses the properties of quantum entanglement and superposition to securely exchange cryptographic keys[3] . In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the BB84 protocol and its implementation. We also discuss the security aspects of the protocol and its vulnerabilities. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the future prospects and challenges in the field of quantum cryptography

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology•May 29, 2023•0 citations

Security Analysis of the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Using Qiskit

Tushar Kumar Chauhan, Sharon Rose J, Rinisha Jeshni K +2 more

The rapid progress of quantum computing demands secure communication protocols which are beyond classical cryptographic techniques. This necessity of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is met by providing security relying on the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. In the work presented, the BB84 protocol is implemented using Qiskit platform provided by IBM. The performance is analyzed for both the ideal channel conditions and an intercept–resend eavesdropping scenario studying its security behavior and performance. 100% key agreement is observed with a QBER of 0% for the BB84 protocol executed under the ideal condition. When an eavesdropper is introduced, the QBER increases significantly, ranging from 16% to 38%, exceeding the acceptable security threshold of 11% and resulting in complete rejection of the generated key. Performance analysis carried out for key sizes between 100 and 1000 qubits shows that the execution time follows O(n) trend growing linearly. This simulation validates the correct operation of the BB84 protocol and demonstrates a detailed performance and security analysis of a QKD system using IBM Qiskit.

International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)•Mar 27, 2026•0 citations

Design a new protocol for quantum key distribution

Manish Kalra, Ramesh Chandra Poonia

Quantum key distribution is the latest advancement in quantum cryptography. There are several QKD protocols like BB84, B92, Ekert91, COW, SARG04, etc. out of which B92 is the Second protocol developed in 1992 based on Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. In this paper we are discussing first about the working of B92 protocol and then proposing a new protocol which is a variation over B92 protocol, second the design of simulation setup is discussed. Object oriented approach is used in the simulation designing of new protocol and B92 protocol.

Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences•Aug 18, 2017•8 citations
Quantum Cryptography (QKD) uses the laws of Quantum Mechanics to create new cryptographic primitives.Precisely, this technique is based on two laws of quantum mechanics, namely uncertainty principle and no-cloning theorem.The best known QKD is the BB84 protocol published by Bennett and Brassard in 1984.Since then, various QKD protocols have been developed for example a B92 protocol.This latter is similar to that of BB84but this time using only two non-orthogonal states of the four states of BB84.In this work, we develop the java simulation B92 protocol and we give some details of the implementation.Next, we show by an example how Alice (Initiator) can configure the protocol parameters before execution.Finally, we give the statistical results allowing to compare this protocol with that of BB84.
Cryptography is being introduced to secure data. Through Classical Cryptographic technique, we can encrypt our data and secure secret key also. But classical cryptography is based on mathematical techniques where reversing one-way function is possible with sufficient computing power and time. So, Quantum Cryptography is introduced to overcome those drawbacks of traditional classical cryptography. It is based on the values of quantum mechanics and photon. Scientists and researchers have brought up a new key distribution protocol based on Quantum Cryptography is called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocol. The first QKD protocol BB84 was introduced by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. After that several QKD protocols have been created. In this paper we have improved BB84 Protocol by removing the drawbacks of the existing algorithm towards Eavesdropping which may not be detected or disclosing large portion of secret key. Steps of the existing BB84 algorithm along with the modified one is described in detail with example and pseudo code. Limitations of BB84 and comparative study of both the existing and the improved one based on their security has been made and described in this current work.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique that enables secure communication between two parties by sharing a secret key. One of the most well-known QKD protocols is the BB84 protocol, proposed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. In this protocol, Alice and Bob use a quantum channel to exchange qubits, allowing them to generate a shared key that is resistant to eavesdropping. This paper presents a comparative study of existing QKD schemes, including the BB84 protocol, and highlights the advancements made in the BB84 protocol over the years. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different QKD schemes and their strengths and weaknesses and demonstrate QKDs working principles through existing simulations and implementations. Through this study, we show that the BB84 protocol is a highly secure QKD scheme that has been extensively studied and implemented in various settings. Furthermore, we discuss the improvements made to the BB84 protocol to enhance its security and practicality, including the use of decoy states and advanced error correction techniques. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of QKD schemes, focusing on the BB84 protocol in secure communication technologies.
Classical cryptographic systems are increasingly challenged by advances in computing power and new algorithmic techniques, particularly with the rise of quantum computing, which threatens the security of current encryption methods. This has spurred interest in quantum-resistant cryptography, aimed at creating algorithms that can withstand attacks from quantum computers. Traditionally, secure key transport over alternate channels has been a significant challenge, but quantum mechanics offers a solution. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary method for secure communication that leverages quantum principles. Unlike traditional methods, QKD provides unconditional security, with key security ensured by the laws of physics rather than computational difficulty. The BB84 protocol, introduced in 1984 by Bennett and Brassard, is a leading QKD scheme known for its simplicity and effectiveness in generating eavesdropping-resistant cryptographic keys. It facilitates secure key transport over alternate channels. This documentation aims to advance QKD security by practically implementing and analyzing the BB84 protocol. Through detailed theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and experimental validation, the practical impacts, and limitations of BB84-based QKD systems are examined. Additionally, a practical implementation of quantum key distribution using a sudoku key demonstrates the process's simplicity and effectiveness. These findings are expected to pave new paths in the field of cryptanalysis in the emerging Quantum Age.
Abstract: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that allows two parties to establish a secure communication channel by using the laws of quantum mechanics. The BB84 protocol is one of the earliest and most widely used QKD protocols that uses the properties of quantum entanglement and superposition to securely exchange cryptographic keys[3] . In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the BB84 protocol and its implementation. We also discuss the security aspects of the protocol and its vulnerabilities. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the future prospects and challenges in the field of quantum cryptography
The rapid progress of quantum computing demands secure communication protocols which are beyond classical cryptographic techniques. This necessity of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is met by providing security relying on the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. In the work presented, the BB84 protocol is implemented using Qiskit platform provided by IBM. The performance is analyzed for both the ideal channel conditions and an intercept–resend eavesdropping scenario studying its security behavior and performance. 100% key agreement is observed with a QBER of 0% for the BB84 protocol executed under the ideal condition. When an eavesdropper is introduced, the QBER increases significantly, ranging from 16% to 38%, exceeding the acceptable security threshold of 11% and resulting in complete rejection of the generated key. Performance analysis carried out for key sizes between 100 and 1000 qubits shows that the execution time follows O(n) trend growing linearly. This simulation validates the correct operation of the BB84 protocol and demonstrates a detailed performance and security analysis of a QKD system using IBM Qiskit.
Quantum key distribution is the latest advancement in quantum cryptography. There are several QKD protocols like BB84, B92, Ekert91, COW, SARG04, etc. out of which B92 is the Second protocol developed in 1992 based on Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. In this paper we are discussing first about the working of B92 protocol and then proposing a new protocol which is a variation over B92 protocol, second the design of simulation setup is discussed. Object oriented approach is used in the simulation designing of new protocol and B92 protocol.