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Quantum Electronics

Laser cooling of 171Yb+ ions in a frequency-modulated field

Прудников Олег Николаевич, S. V. Chepurov, A.A. Lugovoy, K M Rumynin, S N Kuznetsov, А. В. Тайченачев, Valeriy I. Yudin, Sergei N Bagayev

Published Sep 1, 2017• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have investigated the laser cooling of ytterbium ions in a radio-frequency trap by a frequency-modulated resonant laser field.It has been shown that the lowest laser cooling temperatures, close to the Doppler limit, can be reached at field modulation parameters m ³ 0.1.At lower m values, the region of field parameters optimal for cooling shifts to higher intensities and the minimum possible laser cooling temperature increases.

DOI
10.1070/qel16490

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We have investigated the laser cooling of ytterbium ions in a radio-frequency trap by a frequency-modulated resonant laser field.It has been shown that the lowest laser cooling temperatures, close to the Doppler limit, can be reached at field modulation parameters m ³ 0.1.At lower m values, the region of field parameters optimal for cooling shifts to higher intensities and the minimum possible laser cooling temperature increases.
A laser system for Doppler cooling of ytterbium ion on the transition in a single-ion optical frequency standard is developed. The second harmonic of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of is used for cooling. The laser frequency is doubled in a nonlinear BiBO crystal embedded in a ring resonator, which also serves as a reference for laser frequency stabilisation. Second-harmonic power of is generated at a wavelength of . Diode laser radiation is modulated by an electro-optic modulator at to generate a sideband exciting the hyperfine component of the cooling transition that is not excited by resonant cooling light. The sideband relative intensity of a few percent proved to be sufficient to reduce the ion dwelling time in the state to less than and increase the cooling efficiency.
A scheme for laser cooling of an 171 Yb + ion in a radio-frequency trap using a three-frequency laser field with its components resonant to optical transitions of the line 2 S 1/ 2 → 2 P 1/ 2, which does not require a magnetic field, is experimentally implemented. The exclusion of the magnetic field in the laser cooling cycle allows for precise control of a weak magnetic field (∼ 10 - 2 Gs), used for spectroscopy of clock transitions in the optical frequency standard based on a single ytterbium ion, which is important for suppressing frequency shifts associated with the quadratic Zeeman effect.
An experimental study of sideband laser cooling of trapped ions in miniature radio-frequency traps is presented. In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+ ions are laser cooled by exciting the narrow intercombination line ${5s}^{2}{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p{}^{3}{P}_{1}$, which shows resolved sidebands due to the vibrational motion of the ions in the trap. The influence of the micromotion at the frequency of the oscillating trapping field is investigated. Heating processes through coupling with the trapping field occur for certain regions of negative laser detuning. A method of bichromatic sideband cooling is introduced that combines efficient cooling from high temperatures with the possibility of reaching low mean vibrational quantum numbers 〈n〉<1〈n〉<1〈n〉<1 by using narrow optical transitions. This technique allows recording of high-resolution excitation spectra of the cooling transition in the Lamb-Dicke regime and thus determination of 〈n〉〈n〉〈n〉. Single ions as well as two-ion Coulomb crystals have been cooled to temperatures below $100 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$, and population of the ground state of motion to more than 50% over long time scales is demonstrated. These values are close to the lower limit for the detection of vibrational excitation with the present method.
S-LSR is a compact ion storage ring constructed at Kyoto University several years ago. The ring is equipped with a Doppler laser cooling system aimed at beam crystallization. Bearing in mind hardware limitations in S-LSR, we try to find an optimum set of primary experimental parameters for the production of an ultracold heavy ion beam. Systematic molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for this purpose. It is concluded that the detuning and spot size of the cooling laser should be chosen around |−-−|42 MHz and 1.5 mm, respectively, for the most efficient cooling of 40 keV |24^{24}24|Mg|+^++| beams in S-LSR. Under the optimum conditions, the use of the resonant coupling method followed by radio-frequency field ramping enables us to reach an extremely low beam temperature on the order of 0.1 K in the transverse degrees of freedom. The longitudinal degree of freedom can be cooled to close to the Doppler limit; i.e., to the mK range. We also numerically demonstrate that it is possible to establish a stable, long one-dimensionally ordered state of ions.
By measuring the frequencies emitted as atoms transition between energy levels, atomic frequency standards are among the most advanced devices available for keeping time. Here, we report our recent progress in developing an optical frequency standard based on a single171Yb+. With the laser Doppler cooling, a single ytterbium ion is cooled to crystallization and the temperature of the ion crystal is estimated to be below 1 mK. The progress reported in this paper is the first step of the project and paves the way for future development.