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Cooperative Asymmetry Induced Transparency in Ensembles of Interacting Plasmonic Resonators

S. D. Jenkins, Janne Ruostekoski

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We develop a theory of Cooperative Asymmetry Induced Transparency (CAIT) in a finite array of interacting meta-molecules. An asymmetry in the meta-molecule geometry provides an effective coupling between system modes opening a transparency window in the material. In contrast with similar EIT like phenomena in meta-materials that can be described by meta-molecules acting independently, CAIT relies on cooperative interactions to form the high quality modes on which the transparency depends. The sensitivity of CAIT on collective modes is consistent with recent experimental observations.

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We develop a theory of Cooperative Asymmetry Induced Transparency (CAIT) in a finite array of interacting meta-molecules. An asymmetry in the meta-molecule geometry provides an effective coupling between system modes opening a transparency window in the material. In contrast with similar EIT like phenomena in meta-materials that can be described by meta-molecules acting independently, CAIT relies on cooperative interactions to form the high quality modes on which the transparency depends. The sensitivity of CAIT on collective modes is consistent with recent experimental observations.
We propose a novel mechanism for generating electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a symmetric metamaterial. The proposed metamaterial consists of double nanorod pairs, perpendicular to each other in the form of a 2-by-2 matrix. This metamaterial shows a polarization-independent EIT-like effect without breaking its symmetry. Since conventional plasmonic EIT metamaterials induce transparency in the transparent window through the coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance modes, most of existing structures have asymmetric geometry. This limitation means the EIT-like effect can occur only under a particular linearly polarized incident light. The proposed structure, however, has a simple geometry and polarization independence, so it has the potential to be used in high sensitivity sensors and to slow light in the visible spectral range.
We present an analytical model describing the transition to a strong coupling regime for an ensemble of emitters resonantly coupled to a localized surface plasmon in a metal-dielectric structure. The response of a hybrid system to an external field is determined by two distinct mechanisms involving collective states of emitters interacting with the plasmon mode. The first mechanism is the near-field coupling between the bright collective state and the plasmon mode, which underpins the energy exchange between the system components and gives rise to exciton-induced transparency minimum in scattering spectra in the weak coupling regime and to emergence of polaritonic bands as the system transitions to the strong coupling regime. The second mechanism is the Fano interference between the plasmon dipole moment and the plasmon-induced dipole moment of the bright collective state as the hybrid system interacts with the radiation field. The latter mechanism is greatly facilitated by plasmon-induced coherence in a system with the characteristic size below the diffraction limit as the individual emitters comprising the collective state are driven by the same alternating plasmon near field and, therefore, all oscillate in phase. This cooperative effect leads to scaling of the Fano asymmetry parameter and of the Fano function amplitude with the ensemble size, and therefore, it strongly affects the shape of scattering spectra for large ensembles. Specifically, with increasing emitter numbers, the Fano interference leads to a spectral weight shift toward the lower energy polaritonic band.
We have studied the electromagnetically induced transparency for a two level ensemble interacting with two orthogonal optical modes. We have made a approach for a multimode silicon waveguide coupled to a plasmonic resonator array. We have shown that a simple periodic ensemble of resonant metal nanoparticles within a dielectric waveguide supported a transparent waveguide plasmon polariton mode for guided slow light propagation. Such systems inhert the strongly dispersive properties of the nanoparticles embedded in the waveguide but do not succumb to the associated absorptive losses by utilizing the system’s transparency Light propagation through the system provided extremely strong dispersion from the resonators, but suffers very low propagation loss by exploiting the system’s transparency. Dispersion is controllable by tuning the coupling strength of localized plasmon and waveguide modes. We have found that atomic electromagnetically induced transparency occurred for a non zero pump field allowing mutual coupling of all states and induced destructive quantum interference of the probe field’s absorption via the transition. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
Plasmonic electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) can be excited by a single optical field unlike EIT in atom system, since the coupling between the bright and the dark modes is inherently induced through the near-field interaction in metamaterials. As a result, the complexity of the experimental realization can be reduced significantly, while the tunability is lost inevitably.We suggest a scheme that the plasmonic EIT is possible to be actively manipulated even by the single optical field. The bright and the dark modes are selective to be either coupled or uncoupled, depending on the angle of incidence. Even though the mechanical control has the disadvantage for high-speed applications, it paves the way for active manipulation of plasmonic EIT and benefits the clarification of its origin.
In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that electromagnetic transparency can be induced by optical magnetism in a metamaterial, which is composed of metamolecules. Each metamolecule consists of a metallic split-ring resonator, as one bright meta-atom (which is optically magnetic), and also a cut-wire pair, as one dark meta-atom (which is optically nonmagnetic). It is found that magnetic resonances occur at optical frequencies due to the local magnetic interaction between ``bright'' meta-atoms and ``dark'' meta-atoms; thereafter, a transparency window emerges upon the original absorption background. The phenomenon is similar to the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic three-level systems, and a microscopic picture is given to compare it with the EIT. Furthermore, low loss and slow light in this metamaterial have also been verified. The investigations may achieve potential applications on integrated optical circuits.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are two phenomena that can affect the transmission of a probe field in the presence of a stronger field, both yielding transparency in the absorption profile. Being able to discriminate these two similar but distinct phenomena is of vital importance. Here we propose a scheme to describe the EIT and ATS phenomena in a plasmonic system. The proposed system consists of one radiative resonator and one subradiant resonator in metal-insulator-metal waveguide, and the transition is observed from the ATS model to the EIT model through three qualitative regions as the coupling strength decreases. In addition, we apply the method proposed by Anisimov to the induced transparency spectrum in our model, and numerically discerning EIT from ATS based on the Akaike's information criterion in a clear way.