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Scientific Reports

Influence of the asymmetric excited state decay on coherent population trapping

Halyne Silva Borges, Murilo Henrique de Oliveira, Celso J. Villas-Bôas

Published Jul 27, 2017• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an optical phenomenon which allows a drastic modification of the optical properties of an atomic system by applying a control field. It has been largely studied in the last decades and nowadays we can find a huge number of experimental and theoretical related studies. Recently a similar phenomenon was also shown in quantum dot molecules (QDM), where the control field is replaced by the tunneling rate between quantum dots. Our results show that in the EIT regime, the optical properties of QDM and the atomic system are identical. However, here we show that in the strong probe field regime, i.e., "coherent population trapping" (CPT) regime, it appears a strong discrepancy on the optical properties of both systems. We show that the origin of such difference relies on the different decay rates of the excited state of the two systems, implying in a strong difference on their higher order nonlinear susceptibilities. Finally, we investigate the optical response of atom/QDM strongly coupled to a cavity mode. In particular, the QDM-cavity system has the advantage of allowing a better narrowing of the width of the dark state resonance in the CPT regime when compared with atom-cavity system.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-06755-2

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an optical phenomenon which allows a drastic modification of the optical properties of an atomic system by applying a control field. It has been largely studied in the last decades and nowadays we can find a huge number of experimental and theoretical related studies. Recently a similar phenomenon was also shown in quantum dot molecules (QDM), where the control field is replaced by the tunneling rate between quantum dots. Our results show that in the EIT regime, the optical properties of QDM and the atomic system are identical. However, here we show that in the strong probe field regime, i.e., "coherent population trapping" (CPT) regime, it appears a strong discrepancy on the optical properties of both systems. We show that the origin of such difference relies on the different decay rates of the excited state of the two systems, implying in a strong difference on their higher order nonlinear susceptibilities. Finally, we investigate the optical response of atom/QDM strongly coupled to a cavity mode. In particular, the QDM-cavity system has the advantage of allowing a better narrowing of the width of the dark state resonance in the CPT regime when compared with atom-cavity system.
Influence of the asymmetric excited state decay on coherent population trapping: atom ×\times× quantum dot
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an optical phenomenon which allows a drastic modification of the optical properties of an atomic system by applying a control field. It has been largely studied in the last decades and nowadays we can find a huge number of experimental and theoretical related studies. Recently a similar phenomenon was also shown in quantum dot molecules (QDM) , where the control field is replaced by the tunneling rate between quantum dots. Our results show that in the EIT regime, the optical properties of QDM and the atomic system are identical. However, here we show that in the strong probe field regime, i.e., "coherent population trapping" (CPT) regime, it appears a strong discrepancy on the optical properties of both systems. We show that the origin of such difference relies on the different decay rates of the excited state of the two systems, implying in a strong difference on their higher order nonlinear susceptibilities. Finally, we investigate the optical response of atom/QDM strongly coupled to a cavity mode. In particular, the QDM-cavity system has the advantage of allowing a better narrowing of the width of the dark state resonance in the CPT regime when compared with atom-cavity system.
The quantum coherence phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is observed in a three-level system composed of an excited state and two coherent superpositions of the two ground-state levels. This peculiar ground state basis is composed of the so-called bright and dark states of the same atomic system in a standard coherent population trapping configuration. The characteristics of EIT, namely, width of the transmission window and reduced group velocity of light, in this unusual basis, are theoretically and experimentally investigated and are shown to be essentially identical to those of standard EIT in the same system.
We analytically and numerically investigate the response of an open Λ-type atomic system to a probe laser field, where one of the atomic transition is coupled with a double-band radiation reservoir and high- Q defect modes formed by atomic doping. This system can be transparent to a weak probe field being two-photon resonant with the frequency of the defect modes or one of the two band edges, and the high- Q defect modes can even induce an atom–field coherent population trapping (CPT) state without involving the excited state of the atom, in spite of the background decay of the excited state of the atom. The steady-state properties of this CPT are independent of the smoothness feature of the density of modes (DOM) at band edges. However, the CPT never occurs in the absence of any defect even if the DOM is singular at both band edges. We also find that the background decay of the second ground state of the atom will destroy the CPT and increase the probe absorption, but the atomic coherence induced by the defect modes is more robust than that induced by the band edges. The transient properties of the CPT are also studied.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) plays an essential role in quantum communication and photon storage. Investigating the EIT phenomenon in molecular aggregates is of significant importance for understanding the coherence properties and nonlinear behaviors of the systems. In this paper, we consider molecular aggregates composed of identical molecules, including single and double molecular chains, and investigate their dynamics under the combined excitation of probe and control light fields. Using the truncated sets of differential equations derived from the quantum Master equation, populations of the excited band and their properties are obtained. The results show that EIT occurs when the frequency of the control light field is near-resonant with the transition frequency between the first excited state and a higher excited state of the individual molecules. EIT is more likely to appear under weak coupling conditions, while a stronger field intensity leads to the appearance of the Autler–Townes phenomenon. The clear EIT window can take place for some specific orientations of the molecular dipole moments. A transition between electromagnetically induced absorption and EIT is found in a double chain configuration. Our study provides a platform for understanding the EIT mechanism in molecular systems and offers theoretical guidance for the design of molecular-based quantum devices.
Electromagnetically induced transparency is a promising approach to implement quantumcommunication in quantum system. In this study, quantum coherence and interference in theexcitation pathways of a three-level Λ atomic system leads to the formation of new states of matter(i.e. the dark state). This state decouples itself from the excitation beams leading to phenomenasuch as coherent population trapping (CPT), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT).Taking into account quantum coherence and interference in an optically dense electromagneticallyinducedtransparent medium, we investigate the non-destructive storage and retrieval of singlephotonquantum states in the dark state of this dense ensemble of gas phase medium. The storageand retrieval process is based on the intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency by whichproperties of a cavity filled with three-level Λ-type atoms are manipulated by an external control field.We demonstrate the peculiar case for the storage and retrieval of time-entangled periodic input pulses(a soliton train) in the dark state by adiabatic photon transfer under conditions of dynamicalimpedance matching. These multiplexed photon states are expected to allow sharing quantuminformation among many users, and are currently of very high demand for applications in longdistanceand multiplexed quantum communication.