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Physica Scripta

Dependence of electromagnetically induced transparency in molecular aggregates on structural configuration and applied field

Pan Zhang, Kainan Chang, Luxia Wang

Published Jun 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) plays an essential role in quantum communication and photon storage. Investigating the EIT phenomenon in molecular aggregates is of significant importance for understanding the coherence properties and nonlinear behaviors of the systems. In this paper, we consider molecular aggregates composed of identical molecules, including single and double molecular chains, and investigate their dynamics under the combined excitation of probe and control light fields. Using the truncated sets of differential equations derived from the quantum Master equation, populations of the excited band and their properties are obtained. The results show that EIT occurs when the frequency of the control light field is near-resonant with the transition frequency between the first excited state and a higher excited state of the individual molecules. EIT is more likely to appear under weak coupling conditions, while a stronger field intensity leads to the appearance of the Autler–Townes phenomenon. The clear EIT window can take place for some specific orientations of the molecular dipole moments. A transition between electromagnetically induced absorption and EIT is found in a double chain configuration. Our study provides a platform for understanding the EIT mechanism in molecular systems and offers theoretical guidance for the design of molecular-based quantum devices.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ae820b

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Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) plays an essential role in quantum communication and photon storage. Investigating the EIT phenomenon in molecular aggregates is of significant importance for understanding the coherence properties and nonlinear behaviors of the systems. In this paper, we consider molecular aggregates composed of identical molecules, including single and double molecular chains, and investigate their dynamics under the combined excitation of probe and control light fields. Using the truncated sets of differential equations derived from the quantum Master equation, populations of the excited band and their properties are obtained. The results show that EIT occurs when the frequency of the control light field is near-resonant with the transition frequency between the first excited state and a higher excited state of the individual molecules. EIT is more likely to appear under weak coupling conditions, while a stronger field intensity leads to the appearance of the Autler–Townes phenomenon. The clear EIT window can take place for some specific orientations of the molecular dipole moments. A transition between electromagnetically induced absorption and EIT is found in a double chain configuration. Our study provides a platform for understanding the EIT mechanism in molecular systems and offers theoretical guidance for the design of molecular-based quantum devices.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is known as an efficient control method of optical absorption property, is investigated using the polarizability spectra and population dynamics obtained by solving the quantum Liouville equation. In order to clarify the intermolecular interaction effect on EIT, we examine several molecular aggregate models composed of three-state monomers with the dipole-dipole coupling. On the basis of the present results, we discuss the applicability of EIT in molecular aggregate systems to a new type of optical switch.
We investigate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) in an open V-type molecular system. Through detailed analytical calculations of the absorption spectrum of a probe laser field using the residue theorem and spectrum decomposition, we find that EIT may occur and a crossover from EIT to ATS exists for hot molecules. However, there is no EIT and hence no EIT-ATS crossover for cold molecules. Furthermore, we prove that for hot molecules EIT is allowed even for a counter-propagating configuration. We provide explicit formulas of EIT conditions and widths of EIT transparency windows of the probe field when hot molecules work in copropagating and counter-propagating configurations, respectively. Our theoretical result agrees well with the recent experimental ones reported by Lazoudis et al. [Phys. Rev. A 83, 063419 (2011)].
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a molecular three-level Λ system with permanent dipole moments and undergoing m- and n-photon transitions by pump and probe lasers is investigated. Analytical expressions are derived for probe absorption spectrum and dispersion for a medium of stationary as well as thermal molecules. Contrary to the earlier study by Zhou et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 034105 (2009)], we observe no amplification in 2 + 2 photon process when the sign of the difference of the permanent moments of the excited and the ground levels is reversed. Reasons for these contrasting observations are discussed. Our study shows that the permanent moments essentially damp the laser-molecule Rabi frequency to result in narrower EIT line width and larger group velocity index. These effects are further enhanced when the order of the multi-photon process is increased. The importance of the virtual mechanism is discussed by considering the special case of 2 + 1 photon EIT.
The A-type three-level system coupled by two coherent fields is a basic model to study the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).Based on that,the cascade quasi- A-four-level configuration is formed when a radio-frequency(RF)field drives the transition between the excited state and an additional excited state level.The absorption property is studied along with the parameters of the coupling field and the RF driving field by numerically solving the relevant equations of motion of the density matrix.It is shown that under the applying of the coupling field and the RF driving field,both the Autler-Townes doublet and the EIT are observed in the absorptive spectra and it can be explained properly by the theory of dressed state.An important conclusion is that the Autler-Townes doublet originates from the atom system interaction with the strong RF field,while the EIT originates from atom system quantum interference interaction with the coupling field.
In this paper we study the nonlinear behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance subject to a coherent driving field. The EIT is associated with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system where two hyperfine levels within an electronic ground state are coupled to a common excited state level by a coupling field and a probe field. In addition there is an radio-frequency (rf) field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. The paper contrasts two different situations. In one case the rf-driven transition shares a common level with the probed transition and in the second case it shares a common level with the coupled transition. In both cases the EIT resonance is split into a doublet and the characteristics of the EIT doublet are determined by the strength and frequency of the rf-driving field. The doublet splitting originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and has close analogy with the Autler-Townes effect observed in three-level pump-probe spectroscopy study. The situation changes when the rf field is strong and the two cases are very different. One is analogous to two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level systems with EIT resonance associated with each. The other corresponds to a doubly driven three-level system with rf-field-induced electromagnetically induced absorption resonance. The two situations are modeled using numerical solutions of the relevant equation of motion of density matrix. In addition a physical account of their behaviors is given in terms of a dressed state picture.
Atomic coherence and interference play an important role in the study of the atom-photon interactions. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an extensively studied two-photon coherence phenomenon theoretically as well as experimentally. EIT is mainly observed in three-level atomic systems which causes transparency by quenching absorption of the medium. In this paper, based on the lambda type three-level system including energy level |1>, |2> and |3>, a microwave driving field is introduced between the excited-state energy level |3> and another excited-state energy level |4> to form an inverted Y-type four-level system. We theoretically study the two- and three-photon coherence in this system. The results show that the coupling field makes the probing absorption intensity at the resonant frequency have a very narrow line-width depression, i.e., EIT. The microwave field causes a dynamic Stark splitting of the energy level |3> and induces the Aulter-Townes double peaks. Their frequency interval is exactly equal to the Rabi frequency of the microwave field. The presence of all three fields induces wide window of EIT at the line center owing to the enhanced depression results. The transient evolution is also discussed to understand the optical switching process in the system. Our theoretical study will be helpful to get a deeper insight into the three-photon effects in multilevel systems.