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Journal of Physics & Astronomy

3-D analysis of characteristics in fundamental mode Gaussian laser standing wave with straight edge diffraction

Yu-Xin Xiao, Wentao Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on scalar optical theory, the fundamental mode Gaussian laser standing wave model is built with Fresnel straight edge diffraction effect in the process of laser-focused Cr atoms. By numerical analysis and 3-D simulation on optical potential, characteristics in the laser standing wave are described under the influence of the distances from diffraction edge to mirror and laser medial axis to substrate surface, respectively. The results show that diffractive degree of the laser field will be changed for the substrate placement, and the structure of optical potential will be achieved optimal when the distance from diffraction edge to mirror equals 0.51 cm.

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Based on scalar optical theory, the fundamental mode Gaussian laser standing wave model is built with Fresnel straight edge diffraction effect in the process of laser-focused Cr atoms. By numerical analysis and 3-D simulation on optical potential, characteristics in the laser standing wave are described under the influence of the distances from diffraction edge to mirror and laser medial axis to substrate surface, respectively. The results show that diffractive degree of the laser field will be changed for the substrate placement, and the structure of optical potential will be achieved optimal when the distance from diffraction edge to mirror equals 0.51 cm.
In order to study the effect of substrate diffraction on laser-focused Cr atom deposition,simulation and comparative analysis were performed based on the scalar optical diffraction theory under the presence and absence of substrate diffraction.The variation of stripe value of atomic wave-packet probability distribution which stands for the deposited lines with different atomic wave-packet velocities was focused.The results show that because of substrate diffraction,the max value of wave-packet probability distribution has 14.9% average increase and the full width of half maximum(FWHM) has 14.3% average decrease for different longitudinal most probable velocities when transverse velocity remains constant;the max value of wave-packet probability distribution has 14.5% average increase and the FWHM has 16.9% average decrease for different transverse velocities when the most probable longitudinal velocity remains constant.The research results provide a richer theoretical guidance for the experiment.
Standing wave of laser light acts as an array of lenses to focus the moving atoms in atom lithography. The position between standing wave and substrate plays an important role in determining the quality of depositional nanometer lines. Using the rule of Gaussian beam, a method of accurately identifying the position of standing wave of laser light is reported. By adjusting accurately the displacement stage which carries the beam focus lens and reflective mirror, the laser beam is subsequently shielded by depositional substrate. Signal of photoelectric detector is changed because of shielding the standing wave, so we can convert the displacement of standing wave into electrical signal. Positioning the standing wave against substrate is achieved by using the value of waist diameter of standing wave of laser light. Theoretical model is developed according to the experimental process. The result of numerical computation coincides well with the experimental record. This method realizes accurately positioning standing wave of laser light against substrate, and it provides the experimental basic for deeply studying the influence of the distance between standing wave and substrate on the quality of depositional nanometer lines.
We present a calculation model to investigate the focusing characteristics of an atomic beam in a laser standing wave, taking the wave nature of the atomic propagation into account. The effects of atom source, optical parameters of the laser field and the substrate position on atom focusing are analyzed. Numerical simulations indicate that the best focusing performance can be obtained by repositioning the substrate or optimizing the longitudinal atomic beam speed, laser intensity and the detuning of the laser beam. The feature width of the nanostructure is mainly determined by the transverse speed distribution of atoms. Some methods for optimizing experimental parameters are suggested.
We investigate the diffraction characteristics of an incident Gaussian beam cut by a straight edge bounding a semi-infinite opaque plane using Kirchhoff scalar wave theory in the Fresnel limit and propose a new and simple mirror scheme to reflect atoms by using the intensity gradient induced by a blue-detuned semi-Gaussian laser beam. The optical potential of the diffracted light of the knife-cut semi-Gaussian beam for 85 Rb atom and its spontaneous emission probability are calculated and compared with the performance of the evanescent-wave mirror. Our study shows that the optical potential of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian beam is far higher than that of the evanescent light wave and the maximum normal velocity of the incident atoms can be far greater than that of the evanescent light wave under the same parameters, so the blue-detuned semi-Gaussian beam, as a novel atomic mirror, can be used to efficiently reflect cold atoms with a normal velocity of greater than 1 m/s. However, the intensity gradient (force) of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian-beam is much smaller than that of the evanescent light wave, so its spontaneous emission probability is greater than that from the evanescent-wave when the normal velocity of incident atoms is greater.
A novel and simple atomic mirror composed of a blue-detuned semi-Gaussian beam is proposed. From the Fresnel diffraction theory, the intensity distributions of a collimated Gaussian laser beam diffracted by the straight edge of a semi-infinite opaque plate are studied. The optical potential of the semi-Gaussian beam for 85 Rb atoms and its spontaneous emission probability are calculated and compared with the performance of the evanescent-wave mirror. Our study shows that the blue-detuned semi-Gaussian beam, as a novel atomic mirror, can be used to reflect atomic beam efficiently, and under the same beam parameters and lower normal atomic velocity, the performance of the semi-Gaussian-beam mirror is better than that of the evanescent-wave mirror.
Gating structure of one dimensional Cr layer is experimentally obtained through the technology of laser focused atomic deposition. The periodicity of grating is （212.8±0.2） nm measured by atomic force microscope, which is just equal to half of the wavelength of laser standing-wave field. Then, based on the semiclassical model and numerical calculation of the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithm, both Cr atom motion trajectories are simulated and the atom-optical properties are analyzed at the same experimental conditions. The results show that the analytical results agree well with the experimental results.