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AIP conference proceedings

Nonlinear optical generation with electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic hydrogen

K. Hakuta, G. Z. Zhang, Masayoshi Ohta, R. I. Thompson, Boris Peter Stoicheff

Published Jan 1, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear optical generation using electromagnetically induced transparency is demonstrated for the first time. An atomic hydrogen is used as a test atom. By applying a strong‐coupling laser field to the 3p‐2s transition, the resonant 3p‐1s transition becomes transparent with keeping the resonantly enhanced value on the nonlinear susceptibility. The generated sum‐frequency radiation at 103 nm can grow without suffering from the resonant absorption and phase‐mismatching.

DOI
10.1063/1.45054

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Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1999•8 citations
Nonlinear optical generation using electromagnetically induced transparency is demonstrated for the first time. An atomic hydrogen is used as a test atom. By applying a strong‐coupling laser field to the 3p‐2s transition, the resonant 3p‐1s transition becomes transparent with keeping the resonantly enhanced value on the nonlinear susceptibility. The generated sum‐frequency radiation at 103 nm can grow without suffering from the resonant absorption and phase‐mismatching.
Sum-frequency generation with electromagnetically induced transparency is investigated experimentally as the generation of coherent Lyman-(Beta) radiation (103 nm) in atomic hydrogen. We demonstrate that with the application of a strong laser field to couple the 2 s and 3 p levels, the resonant Lyman-(Beta) transition becomes transparent, and the generated wave continues to grow without suffering resonant absorption. At a density-length product NL of 3 X 1015 cm-2, a conversion efficiency of 2 X 10-4 is obtained for the coherent 103 nm radiation.
The sum-frequency generation process using strong-field coupling and quantum interference is described systematically using atomic hydrogen both in theory and experiment. It is shown that strong coupling at the 3p-2s transition creates destructive interference to reduce the linear susceptibility at the resonant 3p\ensuremath{\leftarrow}1s transition. Simultaneously, two-photon coupling of the 2s and 1s states produces constructive interference to resonantly enhance the nonlinear susceptibility for sum-frequency generation at the 3p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1s (Lyman-\ensuremath{\beta}) transition. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the theoretical predictions. When the Rabi frequency for the 3p-2s coupling exceeds the Doppler tail of the medium, the photoion signals on resonance are suppressed significantly because of induced transparency. The generated Lyman-\ensuremath{\beta} radiation grows rapidly by a factor of 250 at an atom density of 1015{10}^{15}1015 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ and interaction length of 3.5 cm, resulting in a conversion efficiency of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$.
Sum-frequency generation enhanced by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been extended to the production of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation in the range 97.3--92.6 nm from $np\ensuremath{-}1s$ transitions (n=4−−8)(n=4--8)(n=4−−8) in atomic hydrogen. Pulsed radiation was generated by strong coupling of the np\mathrm{np}np and 2s2s2s levels with laser radiation at Balmer wavelengths, and simultaneously (weaker) coupling of the 2s2s2s and 1s1s1s levels by two-photon resonance with 243-nm laser radiation. Investigations were carried out over a range of laser intensities and products of interaction length and atomic density (NL).(\mathrm{NL}).(NL). As the product NL\mathrm{NL}NL increased, the XUV intensities were greatly enhanced by EIT, and at high NL\mathrm{NL}NL values, the spectral distributions of some of the generated signals were found to be distorted by the presence of molecular hydrogen. Calculated profiles, modified to incorporate the effects of nearby molecular resonances, were shown to be in good agreement with the observed spectra.
Sum-frequency generation with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been examined in a hydrogen discharge. EIT is demonstrated in the $3p\ensuremath{-}1s$ and $4p\ensuremath{-}1s$ transitions at 102.6 and 97.3 nm, respectively, with increased efficiency of generation arising from higher H-atom density, although competing effects due to the presence of H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​ distort the line shapes of these spectra. Only for shorter-wavelength transitions (such as $7p\ensuremath{-}1s$ and $8p\ensuremath{-}1s)$ that show very large shifts and distortions is there a decrease in intensity in comparison with generated radiation from H atoms external to the discharge.