Implications of quantum information for measurement and standards | NIST

Thomas R. O’Brian, Colin Williams

Neil M. Zimmerman

Barbara L. Goldstein

ABSTRACT Co-Hosted with iNEMI Fueled by the convergence of Industry 4.0, the second quantum revolution, and advances in integrated photonics and nanomanufacturing, NIST has embarked on a sweeping program to revolutionize metrology. Building on the success of the chip-scale atomic clock, which shrunk a lab of sophisticated equipment run by Ph.D. physicists down to a commercial device the size of a grain of rice, NIST is miniaturizing its core measurement technologies into a suite of quantum-based standards that never need to be taken off-line for calibration. This talk will provide an overview of this program, known as NIST on a Chip, and some of the opportunities it is enabling. https://www.nist.gov/noac About the Presenter: Ms. Barbara Goldstein serves as Associate Director of the Physical Measurement Laboratory, the largest operational unit at NIST consisting of approximately 1300 staff and associates and three joint institutes, and which is responsible for realizing and disseminating rigorous measurements to support commercial, defense and research enterprises. Ms. Goldstein manages the &NIST on a Chip” program which is establishing a new paradigm for precision measurement dissemination through a suite of deployable, fit-for-purpose, quantum-based standards to be embedded in products or installed at user sites. Ms. Goldstein is contributing to the emerging quantum economy through international standardization activities. She leads a standardization outlook and maturity assessment subgroup of the UN-based ITU-T Focus Group on Quantum Information Technology for Networks, and developed a standards landscape through the Quantum Economic Development Consortium. She led the development of e-commerce standards that have been used in hundreds of thousands of business transactions; led roadmap efforts on the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) and factory automation; and developed and led the NIST Technologies for the Integration of Manufacturing Applications program which competitively awarded a cost shared research portfolio of approximately $150M. Prior to joining NIST in 1992, she implemented information management systems at McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing), and managed computing facilities at the Israeli Land Authority in Jerusalem. Files Available: Slides and Link to Recorded Presentation (PDF) On Demand Webinar

Carl J. Williams

Simone Perriello, Alessandro Barenghi, Gerardo Pelosi

Code-based cryptosystems are a promising option for Post-Quantum Cryptography, as neither classical nor quantum algorithms provide polynomial time solvers for their underlying hard problem. Indeed, to provide sound alternatives to lattice-based cryptosystems, U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) advanced all round 3 code-based cryptosystems to round 4 of its Post-Quantum standardization initiative. We present a complete implementation of a quantum circuit based on the Information Set Decoding (ISD) strategy, the best known one against code-based cryptosystems, providing quantitative measures for the security margin achieved with respect to the quantum-accelerated key recovery on AES, targeting both the current state-of-the-art approach and the NIST estimates. Our work improves the state-of-the-art, reducing the circuit depth by 2 19 to 2 30 for all the parameters of the NIST selected cryptosystems, mainly due to an improved quantum Gauss–Jordan elimination circuit with respect to previous proposals. We show how our Prange’s-based quantum ISD circuit reduces the security margin with respect to its classical counterpart. Finally, we address the concern brought forward in the latest NIST report on the parameters choice for the McEliece cryptosystem, showing that its parameter choice yields a computational effort slightly below the required target level.

Jay H. Hendricks, Zeeshan Ahmed, D. Barker +6 more

The NIST on a Chip (NOAC) program's central idea is the idea that measurement technology can be developed to enable metrology to be performed "outside the National Metrology Institute" by the creation of deployed and often miniaturized standards. These standards, when based on fundamental properties of nature, are directly tracible to the international system of units known as the SI. NIST is also developing quantum-based standards for SI traceability known as QSI, or Quantum based International System of units. Specifically, this paper will cover NIST efforts in the area of thermodynamic metrology to develop NOAC standards for pressure, vacuum and temperature measurements.