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Journal of Optics

A one-time pad encryption method combining full-phase image encryption and hiding

Jiaosheng Li, Jiaxiang Xiong, Qinnan Zhang, Liyun Zhong, Yunfei Zhou, Jun Li, Xiaoxu Lü

Published May 22, 2017• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A one-time pad encryption method combining full-phase image encryption and hiding is proposed. Firstly, original images are encoded in the phase and encrypted by phase keys loaded on the phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator, where the phase keys can be distributed using a quantum key distribution method. Subsequently, a host image is introduced to produce a reference wave, and overlap with an object wave to form an interferogram. Finally, based on phase-shifting interferometry, we can achieve the above encrypted image hiding. Both the simulation and experiment research demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, meanwhile the key and the encrypted image can be changed randomly, so the proposed system reveals the high flexibility, anti-attack ability and can be used to implement the one-time pad to achieve absolute secure transmission with the quantum key distribution method. Moreover, system security will be improved due to the fact that encryption information hidden in the host image can be treated as background noise, which does not attract the attention of the attacker.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/aa7469

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Abstract A one-time pad encryption method combining full-phase image encryption and hiding is proposed. Firstly, original images are encoded in the phase and encrypted by phase keys loaded on the phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator, where the phase keys can be distributed using a quantum key distribution method. Subsequently, a host image is introduced to produce a reference wave, and overlap with an object wave to form an interferogram. Finally, based on phase-shifting interferometry, we can achieve the above encrypted image hiding. Both the simulation and experiment research demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, meanwhile the key and the encrypted image can be changed randomly, so the proposed system reveals the high flexibility, anti-attack ability and can be used to implement the one-time pad to achieve absolute secure transmission with the quantum key distribution method. Moreover, system security will be improved due to the fact that encryption information hidden in the host image can be treated as background noise, which does not attract the attention of the attacker.
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A phase-only encryption/decryption scheme with the readout based on the zeroth-order phase-contrast technique (ZOPCT), without the use of a phase-changing plate on the Fourier plane of an optical system based on the 4f optical correlator, is proposed. The encryption of a gray-level image is achieved by multiplying the phase distribution obtained directly from the gray-level image by a random phase distribution. The robustness of the encoding is assured by the nonlinearity intrinsic to the proposed phase-contrast method and the random phase distribution used in the encryption process. The experimental system has been implemented with liquid-crystal spatial modulators to generate phase-encrypted masks and a decrypting key. The advantage of this method is the easy scheme to recover the gray-level information from the decrypted phase-only mask applying the ZOPCT. An analysis of this decryption method was performed against brute force attacks.
This work presents the implementation of one-time padding (OTP) encryption in intensity modulation/direct detection-based (IM/DD)-based visible light communication (VLC) systems using a discrete modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. The proposed system uses a QKD-based quadrature phase shift keying protocol to prepare and share the secret key and employs binary phase shift keying modulation to transfer the encrypted information simultaneously via frequency division multiplexing. In the proposed system, OTP encryption is applied to each frame using secret keys generated during the preceding frame. To analyze the system's performance, bit error rate (BER) and transmission efficiency of the overall system are derived and verified using Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the overall BER of Bob decreases with the increase in transmitted power (Pt), however, the BER of Eve remains constant throughout the considered range ofPtP_{\mathrm{t}}Pt​. This shows the effectiveness of the proposed strategy as a practical quantum cryptographic method in IM/DD VLC system.
Double random phase encryption (DRPE) is one of the well-known optical encryption techniques, and many techniques with DRPE have been developed for information security. However, most of these techniques may not solve the fundamental security problem caused by using fixed phase masks for DRPE. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a key phase mask updating scheme for DRPE to improve its security, where a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to implement key phase mask updating. In the proposed scheme, updated key data are obtained by using previous image data and the first phase mask used in encryption. The SLM with the updated key is used as the second phase mask for encryption. We provide a detailed description of the method of encryption and decryption for a DRPE system using the proposed key updating scheme, and simulation results are also shown to verify that the proposed key updating scheme can enhance the security of the original DRPE.
We present a new method to secure information based on digital optics in this paper. The input image to be encrypted is recorded as interferograms by use of two-step phase-shifting interferometry. Before transmitting through communication channels, the interferograms are encrypted as phase codes in fractional Fourier domain by using a computer generated random phase mask. The set of fractional orders and the computer generated random phase mask form the keys to the encrypted data. With the phase shifts generated in the recording process, the original image can be retrieved from the correct decrypted interferograms successfully. Computer simulations are presented to prove its validity.