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Journal of Optics A Pure and Applied Optics

Securing information using digital optics

Xiaogang Wang, Yixiang Chen

Published Jan 3, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a new method to secure information based on digital optics in this paper. The input image to be encrypted is recorded as interferograms by use of two-step phase-shifting interferometry. Before transmitting through communication channels, the interferograms are encrypted as phase codes in fractional Fourier domain by using a computer generated random phase mask. The set of fractional orders and the computer generated random phase mask form the keys to the encrypted data. With the phase shifts generated in the recording process, the original image can be retrieved from the correct decrypted interferograms successfully. Computer simulations are presented to prove its validity.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4258/9/2/005

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We present a new method to secure information based on digital optics in this paper. The input image to be encrypted is recorded as interferograms by use of two-step phase-shifting interferometry. Before transmitting through communication channels, the interferograms are encrypted as phase codes in fractional Fourier domain by using a computer generated random phase mask. The set of fractional orders and the computer generated random phase mask form the keys to the encrypted data. With the phase shifts generated in the recording process, the original image can be retrieved from the correct decrypted interferograms successfully. Computer simulations are presented to prove its validity.
A technique that combines the high speed and the high security of optical encryption with the advantages of electronic transmission, storage, and decryption is introduced. Digital phase-shifting interferometry is used for efficient recording of phase and amplitude information with an intensity recording device. The encryption is performed by use of two random phase codes, one in the object plane and another in the Fresnel domain, providing high security in the encrypted image and a key with many degrees of freedom. We describe how our technique can be adapted to encrypt either the Fraunhofer or the Fresnel diffraction pattern of the input. Electronic decryption can be performed with a one-step fast Fourier transform reconstruction procedure. Experimental results for both systems including a lensless setup are shown.
A number of methods have recently been proposed in the literature for the encryption of two-dimensional information by use of optical systems based on the fractional Fourier transform. Typically, these methods require random phase screen keys for decrypting the data, which must be stored at the receiver and must be carefully aligned with the received encrypted data. A new technique based on a random shifting, or jigsaw, algorithm is proposed. This method does not require the use of phase keys. The image is encrypted by juxtaposition of sections of the image in fractional Fourier domains. The new method has been compared with existing methods and shows comparable or superior robustness to blind decryption. Optical implementation is discussed, and the sensitivity of the various encryption keys to blind decryption is examined.
We propose a new optical encryption technique using the fractional Fourier transform. In this method, the data are encrypted to a stationary white noise by two statistically independent random phase masks in fractional Fourier domains. To decrypt the data correctly, one needs to specify the fractional domains in which the input plane, encryption plane, and output planes exist, in addition to the key used for encryption. The use of an anamorphic fractional Fourier transform for the encryption of two-dimensional data is also discussed. We suggest an optical implementation of the proposed idea. Results of a numerical simulation to analyze the performance of the proposed method are presented.
An optical image encryption method is proposed based on Fourier single-pixel imaging and iterated phase retrieval algorithm. First, a binary barcode image containing two groups of horizontal strips is randomly generated and used as the target image in the single-pixel imaging process. Second, considering the barcode image as the amplitude constraint, the original plaintext image is encoded to two phase-only masks using a designed phase retrieval algorithm in Fresnel domain, and these masks are applied as secret keys. Finally, the barcode image is encrypted to a series of measurements using two-step phase shift Fourier single-pixel imaging as the ciphertext. Differing other methods, the original image is not directly imaged and encoded into the ciphertext. Even the ciphertext is obtained by a cracker, only the barcode image may be further discovered. Due to two phase-only masks as secret keys, the security level of the cryptosystem can be enhanced greatly. The simulated results verify the feasibility of the proposed method, and this work provides an effective alternative for the related research.
Information security has attracted much current attention due to the rapid development of modern technologies, such as computer and internet. We propose a novel method for optical image encryption using multilevel Arnold transform and rotatable-phase-mask noninterferometric imaging. An optical image encryption scheme is developed in the gyrator transform domain, and one phase-only mask (i.e., phase grating) is rotated and updated during image encryption. For the decryption, an iterative retrieval algorithm is proposed to extract high-quality plaintexts. Conventional encoding methods (such as digital holography) have been proven vulnerably to the attacks, and the proposed optical encoding scheme can effectively eliminate security deficiency and significantly enhance cryptosystem security. The proposed strategy based on the rotatable phase-only mask can provide a new alternative for data/image encryption in the noninterferometric imaging.
We propose an image encryption system based on phase mask multiplexing and photon counting imaging (PCI) technique for multiple image authentications and digital hologram security. Multiple images to be authenticated are converted into phase-only images using a phase-retrieval algorithm in fractional Fourier transform domain. The multiple phase-only images are multiplexed into a single phase-only mask and it is further encrypted into a complex-valued function. The photon-limited image is generated by applying the PCI technique to a complex-valued function. For decryption, the photon-limited decrypted images are obtained after applying the appropriate keys. The photon-limited decrypted image contains sufficient information for verification because this image has sparse representation. To verify the photon-limited decrypted image, the optical correlation filters can be used. The proposed system has also been used for hologram security. For hologram security, the system provides multiple layers of security by hiding multiple encrypted images. The computer simulation results have been presented. The authentication scheme has been tested for securing three-dimensional information through experimentally recorded Fresnel digital hologram.