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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Polarization-dependent interference of coherent scattering from orthogonal dipole moments of a resonantly excited quantum dot

Disheng Chen, Gary R. Lander, Glenn S. Solomon, Edward B. Flagg

Published Mar 15, 2017• 0 citations
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Abstract

Resonant photoluminescence excitation (RPLE) spectra of a neutral InGaAs quantum dot show unconventional line shapes that depend on the detection polarization. We characterize this phenomenon by performing polarization-dependent RPLE measurements and simulating the measured spectra with a three-level quantum model. The spectra are explained by interference between fields coherently scattered from the two fine structure split exciton states, and the measurements enable extraction of the steady-state coherence between the two exciton states.

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Resonant photoluminescence excitation (RPLE) spectra of a neutral InGaAs quantum dot show unconventional line shapes that depend on the detection polarization. We characterize this phenomenon by performing polarization-dependent RPLE measurements and simulating the measured spectra with a three-level quantum model. The spectra are explained by interference between fields coherently scattered from the two fine structure split exciton states, and the measurements enable extraction of the steady-state coherence between the two exciton states.

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Single photon emission is one of the most striking optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and the corresponding photon anti-bunching effect was observed by photoluminescence experiments in single QDs under non-resonant excitation [1], and more recently under strictly resonant excitation of the fundamental interband transition [2,3]. This configuration minimizes the residual excitation of the QD environment that acts as a fluctuating reservoir for spectral diffusion [4], and allows the generation of indistinguishable photons [3]. In this paper, we report on the resonant fluorescence of the neutral exciton in single InAs/GaAs QDs embedded in a planar microcavity [2]. We show in figure 1(a) the resonant Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectrum as a function of the laser detuning with the neutral exciton line. We observe two Lorentzian lines of width 4μeV, separated by 9μeV and corresponding to two linear orthogonal polarizations, as expected for the fine structure splitting. We show in figure 1(b) a clear photon anti-bunching under strictly resonant excitation that proves that the RRS spectrum is dominated by resonant fluorescence of the neutral exciton. This situation is only rarely observed. The most frequent case corresponds to no resonance in the RRS spectrum and to a doublet in the non-resonant photoluminescence (PL) spectrum as shown in figure 2(a). The two lines are identified as the neutral and charged excitons by auto- and cross-correlation measurements of the g(2)(τ) function, as illustrated in figure 2(b). Strikingly, we observe the charged exciton line in the PL excitation spectrum of the neutral exciton line (figure 2(c)). This effect reveals the existence of residual charge carriers in the QD environment even under strictly resonant excitation. This favors incoherent population transfer between the charged and neutral excitons that competes with the coherent RRS effect and most frequently suppresses the resonant fluorescence of the neutral exciton. We conclude that the optical response of the QD remains affected by its environment even in case of coherent resonant pumping. [1] P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W. V. Schoenfeld, P. M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, Science 290, 2282 (2000) [2] A. Muller, E. B. Flagg, P. Bianucci, X. Y. Wang, D. G. Deppe, W. Ma, J. Zhang, G. J. Salamo, M. Xiao, and C. K. Shih, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 187402 (2007) [3] S. Ates, S. M. Ulrich, S. Reitzenstein, A. Löffler, A. Forchel, and P. Michler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 167402 (2009) [4] A. Berthelot, I. Favero, G. Cassabois, C. Voisin, C. Delalande, Ph. Roussignol, R. Ferreira, and J. M. Gérard, Nature Physics 2, 759 (2006)

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Effects of exciton–biexciton coherent coupling on exciton absorption in quantum dots

Hideki Gotoh, Hidehiko Kamada, Tadashi Saitoh +2 more

We report unusual excitonic absorption spectra with dip-shaped structures caused by exciton–biexciton coherent interactions in quantum dots. The exciton absorption spectrum is measured with the micro-photoluminescence excitation technique in a single InGaAs quantum dot. The spectrum changes from Lorenztian-shaped to dip-shaped with increasing excitation intensity. A theoretical analysis with the density matrix method reveals that exciton–biexciton coherent interactions create dressed states in the exciton–biexciton system and lead to the unusual absorption spectra.

Applied Physics Letters•Oct 18, 2004•5 citations
Resonant photoluminescence excitation (RPLE) spectra of a neutral InGaAs quantum dot show unconventional line shapes that depend on the detection polarization. We characterize this phenomenon by performing polarization-dependent RPLE measurements and simulating the measured spectra with a three-level quantum model. The spectra are explained by interference between fields coherently scattered from the two fine structure split exciton states, and the measurements enable extraction of the steady-state coherence between the two exciton states.
Resonant photoluminescence excitation (RPLE) spectra of a neutral InGaAs quantum dot show unconventional line shapes that depend on the detection polarization. We characterize this phenomenon by performing polarization-dependent RPLE measurements and simulating the measured spectra with a three-level quantum model. The spectra are explained by interference between fields coherently scattered from the two fine structure split exciton states, and the measurements enable extraction of the steady-state coherence between the two exciton states.
Single photon emission is one of the most striking optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and the corresponding photon anti-bunching effect was observed by photoluminescence experiments in single QDs under non-resonant excitation [1], and more recently under strictly resonant excitation of the fundamental interband transition [2,3]. This configuration minimizes the residual excitation of the QD environment that acts as a fluctuating reservoir for spectral diffusion [4], and allows the generation of indistinguishable photons [3]. In this paper, we report on the resonant fluorescence of the neutral exciton in single InAs/GaAs QDs embedded in a planar microcavity [2]. We show in figure 1(a) the resonant Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectrum as a function of the laser detuning with the neutral exciton line. We observe two Lorentzian lines of width 4μeV, separated by 9μeV and corresponding to two linear orthogonal polarizations, as expected for the fine structure splitting. We show in figure 1(b) a clear photon anti-bunching under strictly resonant excitation that proves that the RRS spectrum is dominated by resonant fluorescence of the neutral exciton. This situation is only rarely observed. The most frequent case corresponds to no resonance in the RRS spectrum and to a doublet in the non-resonant photoluminescence (PL) spectrum as shown in figure 2(a). The two lines are identified as the neutral and charged excitons by auto- and cross-correlation measurements of the g(2)(τ) function, as illustrated in figure 2(b). Strikingly, we observe the charged exciton line in the PL excitation spectrum of the neutral exciton line (figure 2(c)). This effect reveals the existence of residual charge carriers in the QD environment even under strictly resonant excitation. This favors incoherent population transfer between the charged and neutral excitons that competes with the coherent RRS effect and most frequently suppresses the resonant fluorescence of the neutral exciton. We conclude that the optical response of the QD remains affected by its environment even in case of coherent resonant pumping. [1] P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W. V. Schoenfeld, P. M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, Science 290, 2282 (2000) [2] A. Muller, E. B. Flagg, P. Bianucci, X. Y. Wang, D. G. Deppe, W. Ma, J. Zhang, G. J. Salamo, M. Xiao, and C. K. Shih, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 187402 (2007) [3] S. Ates, S. M. Ulrich, S. Reitzenstein, A. Löffler, A. Forchel, and P. Michler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 167402 (2009) [4] A. Berthelot, I. Favero, G. Cassabois, C. Voisin, C. Delalande, Ph. Roussignol, R. Ferreira, and J. M. Gérard, Nature Physics 2, 759 (2006)
Measurements of optical Rabi oscillations in the excited states of individual InGaAs are presented. Under pulsed resonant excitation we observe Rabi oscillations with increasing pulse area, which are damped after the first maximum and minimum. We show that the observed damping comes from an additional non-resonant generation of carriers in the quantum dot. The observation of Rabi oscillations provides an efficient way of directly measuring the excitonic transitions' dipole moments. A polarization anisotropy of the dipole moment is resolved in some of the quantum dots.
Exciton-biexciton coherent coupling effects are examined in semiconductor quantum dots. The exciton absorption spectrum is measured with the microphotoluminescence excitation technique in a single InGaAs quantum dot. The spectrum changes from a Lorenztian-type line shape to an unusual dip-shaped line shape with increasing excitation intensities in a higher exciton state where there is a large oscillator strength between the exciton and biexciton states. The intensity dependence of the dip energy width clearly indicates that coherent Rabi oscillation occurs between the exciton and biexciton states. The absorption properties with excitation light of different polarizations show that the dip-shaped spectra only appear when there is a large biexciton state population with linear polarization. A theoretical analysis undertaken with the density matrix method agrees well with experimental results. This agreement reveals that exciton-biexciton coherent interactions lead to unusual absorption spectra and contribute crucially to the optical properties of quantum dots. The exciton-biexciton coherent effects provide a scheme for controlling four distinguishable states, which can be applied to a demonstration of quantum gate operations.
We report unusual excitonic absorption spectra with dip-shaped structures caused by exciton–biexciton coherent interactions in quantum dots. The exciton absorption spectrum is measured with the micro-photoluminescence excitation technique in a single InGaAs quantum dot. The spectrum changes from Lorenztian-shaped to dip-shaped with increasing excitation intensity. A theoretical analysis with the density matrix method reveals that exciton–biexciton coherent interactions create dressed states in the exciton–biexciton system and lead to the unusual absorption spectra.