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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference

Physical Layer Security Improvement by Constellation Selection and Artificial Interference

Datong Xu, Pinyi Ren, Qinghe Du, Li Sun, Yichen Wang

Published Mar 1, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel physical layer scheme to suppress eavesdropping. Different from the existing schemes which are based on secrecy rate enhancement with Gaussian signal, our scheme is executed from the actual signal point of view. In our scheme, we set several structures of constellations for each modulation mode, and then different structures are utilized for different signals' modulations. In this case, on one hand, even though the eavesdropper knows this modulation mode, he#x002F;she is difficult to demodulate each signal. On the other hand, the information related to this constellation selection is safely delivered to the authorized user by a well-designed mechanism. Moreover, an auxiliary artificial interference method is introduced for further confusing the eavesdropper. In a word, our scheme is feasible for physical layer security improvement.

DOI
10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925586

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We propose a novel physical layer scheme to suppress eavesdropping. Different from the existing schemes which are based on secrecy rate enhancement with Gaussian signal, our scheme is executed from the actual signal point of view. In our scheme, we set several structures of constellations for each modulation mode, and then different structures are utilized for different signals' modulations. In this case, on one hand, even though the eavesdropper knows this modulation mode, he#x002F;she is difficult to demodulate each signal. On the other hand, the information related to this constellation selection is safely delivered to the authorized user by a well-designed mechanism. Moreover, an auxiliary artificial interference method is introduced for further confusing the eavesdropper. In a word, our scheme is feasible for physical layer security improvement.
Eavesdropping in wireless communication environment should be suppressed. However, most existing schemes ordinarily focus on secrecy rate enhancement, which may not be achieved with the non-Gaussian signals. Therefore, we consider this security problem from the actual signal point of view. On the basis of this premise, a novel scheme is proposed. In our scheme, each original signal in one constellation is converted as a transmitted signal in another constellation, and the principle of this variation can be safely told to the user without being learned by others. With this conversion, the eavesdropper is difficult to restore the original signals. Performance analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme is efficient for physical layer security improvement.
In this paper, a hybrid scheme to provide wireless physical layer security based on encryption and wireless channel pre-compensation is presented. The physical layer security is provided by converting the signal constellation into a higher order constellation by using conventional encryption (symmetric key encryption) and then using channel state information (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to further encrypt the constellation before transmission. Since detection and demodulation are based upon the known signal constellation, which is not known in advance in our case, it becomes difficult for the eavesdropper to determine the original signal constellation. The data intercepted by the eavesdropper is unintelligible due to the combined effect of encryption and pre-compensation. Using bit error rate (BER) as performance metric, it is found that the eavesdropper suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart hence providing secure communication. The developed scheme was tested with existing wireless communication standard IEEE 802.11 to show the practical application of the scheme.
Existing secure strategies based on precoding-aided spatial modulation (PSM) ensure the secrecy communication by introducing time-varying interference with extra power towards the eavesdropper, which, however, reduces the energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose two novel schemes to enhance the secrecy performance based on PSM. The first scheme utilizes the random antenna selection (RAS) technique, namely RAS- PSM, to generate zero-forcing (ZF) precoding matrices with randomly activated transmit antennas. It ensures efficient transmission to the legitimate user, while confusing the eavesdropper via the turbulence of RAS without extra power consumption. The second scheme, called hybrid secret PSM (HS-PSM), is an enhanced version of RAS-PSM by introducing the time-varying artificial noise into RAS-PSM. The resulting secrecy rates by the two proposed schemes are theoretically analyzed and evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations as well, whose results demonstrate that RAS-PSM achieves a higher secrecy rate than the existing schemes and HS- PSM is capable of further improving the secrecy performance especially at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Security is a critical element in the design of communication systems. However, despite its essential role in enabling low-cost implementations and robust theoretical foundations, physical layer security is often overlooked in developing countermeasures against eavesdropping. In this work, we propose practical physical-layer countermeasures that enhance secrecy with low computational overhead. Our approach decomposes the constellation diagram using basis vectors, constructing the original message symbol in the main lobe aimed at the intended receiver, while projecting randomized constellation points in other directions to mislead potential eavesdroppers. When the eavesdropper’s location is known, we use static basis vectors, achieving a higher level of secrecy in that direction. When the location is unknown, we dynamically change the basis vectors to provide information-theoretic security in all directions through basis vector randomization. This design enables the intended receiver to operate without knowledge of the basis vectors, reducing receiver overhead. We evaluate the scheme’s secrecy performance through bit error rate and secrecy rate analyses, demonstrating its potential to improve physical layer security.
A secure spatial modulation based on artificial noise (AN-SM) is proposed. Different from the traditional spatial modulation schemes, the legitimate channel state information is utilized to convey part of information bits instead of amplitude phase modulation (APM) constellation. By this way, the normal transmit signals will become artificial noise to the eavesdropper, and it is impossible for the eavesdropper to know the legitimate channel state information. Consequently, the secrecy transmission could be achieved. Moreover, all transmit power is used to transmit the legitimate signals without any energy waste. The secrecy rate is analyzed, and the numerical results show that the new AN-SM scheme could achieve high secrecy rate.