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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Integrated Quantum Spectroscopy on a Nonlinear Chip

Alexander S. Solntsev, Pawan Kumar, Thomas Pertsch, Frank Setzpfandt, Andrey A. Sukhorukov

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate experimentally on-chip-integrated quantum spectroscopy by generating biphotons in a LiNbO3 waveguide through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and using signal photon detection in the NIR to study the dynamics of idler photons in the MIR.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2017.ftu4d.1

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Quantum spectroscopy is a powerful tool that is based on classically detecting one of the photons of a biphoton state to study how the other photon experiences the environment [1]. It is especially useful, since the signal photon can be read out in the visible range, where the detection is simple and affordable, while the idler photon can probe the optical properties in mid-infrared (MIR) and far-infrared (FIR) ranges, which typically requires expensive and bulky solutions when using conventional spectroscopic approaches. Quantum spectroscopy has been utilized to measure broadband refractive index dispersion [2] and domain structure [3] of solids in a single shot of a non-tunable continuous-wave laser, as well as to precisely determine the optical properties of gases [4].
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Integrated optical circuits enable stable and scalable realization of quantum logic devices, which can form a basis for the mass production of photonic chips for quantum communications and computations. An important challenge is the integration of single-photon sources, which should provide on-chip generation and preparation of quantum photon states. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) provides an attractive solution for experimental generation of correlated and entangled photon pairs [1,2]. However, internal losses in the waveguides may still be present, affecting nontrivially the emerging photon state [3].
The emissions of two identical spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources pumped coherently, e.g. with the same beam (c.f. Fig. 1(a)), show interference in both, the signal and idler light. This phenomenon results from the indistinguishability of the photon pairs emitted by the identical sources [1]. If a medium between the two SPDC sources absorbs the idler light, the photon pairs from the first and second SPDC source become distinguishable and the interference contrast decreases for both, signal and idler light. By measuring the signal light spectrum in the visible or near-infrared (NIR) range and the corresponding interference contrast, we obtain the information about the idler light absorption of the analyte in the mid-infrared (MIR). Hereby, we enable spectroscopy in the MIR using a standard silicon detector, making detection easier and more efficient than using typical MIR detectors [2].
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) spectroscopy using photon pairs is a promising avenue towards affordable mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Here, we experimentally investigate the feasibility of using periodically poled waveguides in lithium niobate for SPDC spectroscopy applications. We find the waveguides suitable to generate wavelength non-degenerate photon pairs with one photon in the MIR spectral range with high fluence. We use this to determine the cutoff wavelengths of the waveguide mode in the MIR by performing only measurements in the near-infrared spectral range.