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OSA Advanced Photonics Congress

Towards SPDC Spectroscopy on a LiNbO3 Chip

Alexander S. Solntsev, Pawan Kumar, Thomas Pertsch, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Frank Setzpfandt

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate experimentally on-chip-integrated spontaneous parametric down-conversion spectroscopy by generating biphotons in a LiNbO3 waveguide and using signal photon detection in the NIR to study the dynamics of idler photons in the MIR.
DOI
10.1364/sensors.2018.sem2j.5

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Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) spectroscopy using photon pairs is a promising avenue towards affordable mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Here, we experimentally investigate the feasibility of using periodically poled waveguides in lithium niobate for SPDC spectroscopy applications. We find the waveguides suitable to generate wavelength non-degenerate photon pairs with one photon in the MIR spectral range with high fluence. We use this to determine the cutoff wavelengths of the waveguide mode in the MIR by performing only measurements in the near-infrared spectral range.
The emissions of two identical spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources pumped coherently, e.g. with the same beam (c.f. Fig. 1(a)), show interference in both, the signal and idler light. This phenomenon results from the indistinguishability of the photon pairs emitted by the identical sources [1]. If a medium between the two SPDC sources absorbs the idler light, the photon pairs from the first and second SPDC source become distinguishable and the interference contrast decreases for both, signal and idler light. By measuring the signal light spectrum in the visible or near-infrared (NIR) range and the corresponding interference contrast, we obtain the information about the idler light absorption of the analyte in the mid-infrared (MIR). Hereby, we enable spectroscopy in the MIR using a standard silicon detector, making detection easier and more efficient than using typical MIR detectors [2].
Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a prime material for photonics thanks to a unique mix of properties, including strong electro-optical and nonlinear optical responses as well as a broad transparency window spanning the visible and near-infrared (NIR) range (0.35 to 4.5 μm). Despite the inherent challenges in the nanofabrication of LiNbO3, caused by its hardness and resistance to chemical etching, recent technical advances eventually enabled the realization of deeply sub-μm features in LiNbO3,thereby enabling a series of breakthroughs in the field of nano-and meta-photonics [1]. Nonlinear nano-optics has especially benefitted from such improvements thanks to the large second-order diagonal nonlinearity of LiNbO3. Several LiNbO3metasurfaces have been designed to enhance and steer second-harmonic generation (SHG) [1] emitted up to the visible range [2]. Similar designs were also exploited for generating photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) [3], a quantum process where a single photon is converted into two photons of the same total energy, see Fig. 1c (right).