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Quantum Electronics

Optical control of interatomic interaction in a Bose condensate

Leonid V. Il'ichov, P. L. Chapovsky

Published May 9, 2017• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose to control the interatomic interaction in a Bose condensate by using optical beams forming an atomic trap. It is shown that for a Bose condensate in a double-well optical potential the nonresonant quantized radiation simulates a change in the interatomic interaction in the well. The magnitude and sign of this change can be effectively controlled by varying the frequency of the radiation source forming the trap.

DOI
10.1070/qel16359

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We propose to control the interatomic interaction in a Bose condensate by using optical beams forming an atomic trap. It is shown that for a Bose condensate in a double-well optical potential the nonresonant quantized radiation simulates a change in the interatomic interaction in the well. The magnitude and sign of this change can be effectively controlled by varying the frequency of the radiation source forming the trap.
It has been shown that an optical trap for an atomic condensate formed by a mode of a ring cavity possesses specific properties. These properties are not featured by a trap formed by free beams and arise owing to quantum correlations (entanglement) between the localized atoms and the optical mode. In particular, there is an effect similar to an optomechanical phenomenon known as an “optical spring” (S. Martellucci et al., Bose–Einstein Condensates and Atom Lasers (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2002)) and manifested by the emergence of an effective correction to the interaction between the localized atoms. The magnitude and sign of this correction can be controlled by varying the frequency of the source forming the trap.
Summary form only given. Dynamical control of the atomic tunneling between two Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's) confined in a double-well potential is predicted to occur when laser pulses induce transition between one of the condensate state and the excited state which brings about phase shifts for the condensate wave function, leading to transition between macroscopic quantum self-trapping, which is a self-maintained population imbalance between two BEC's due to interatomic interaction, and large amplitude oscillations. We investigate this phenomenon for the case of a three-level system with two condensate states and an excited state.
A model of an atomic condensate in a double-well potential with the possibility of tunneling between wells has been considered. The process of tunneling is modified by the optical probing of one of the wells by a beam of nonresonance radiation. The phase of the passing beam is correlated with the number of atoms in the probed well; as a result, coherence between states with different numbers of atoms is partially destroyed. The solution of the initial quantum kinetic equation for the states of the condensate has been obtained under the assumption of the dominant role of such a decoherence. An expression has been obtained for the correlation function of the amplitude of radiation passing through the probed well. The opposite situation of a slow destruction of coherence as compared to the rate of tunneling has also been considered. The stationary distribution in the numbers of atoms in wells for a given number of atoms in the condensate is uniform in both cases.
Precision interferometry with atomic wavepackets confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice is an emergent paradigm in quantum sensing of forces and fields, with applications in gravimetry, accelerometry, geophysics, and fundamental physics tests. We report on the realization of a lattice-trapped interferometer where the two arms are sourced from a weakly-interacting ytterbium Bose-Einstein condensate, coherently split and trapped by pulsed optical standing waves before recombination. We directly observe atomic interactions through contrast changes and phase shifts of the interferometer. By changing either the atom number or the sample volume to vary the density, we demonstrate control over interactions and optimize interferometer performance. Our observations are effectively captured by a mean-field theoretical model of the system. This work experimentally probes the boundary where improved performance from source brightening through higher phase space density transitions into a regime beyond single-atom physics in lattice-trapped atom interferometry, and opens a door to incorporating many-body effects for metrological advances in such platforms.
Bose Einstein condensates (BECs) in double well potentials have drawn a lot of attention for the possibilities they offer to study fundamental quantum mechanical effects at the macroscopic level as well as for potential applications like interferometry, high precision measurements or thermometry. In contrast to Josephson junctions realized in superconductors and superfluids, in BEC the interatomic interactions play a crucial role leading to anharmonic Josephson oscillations, if the initial population imbalance of the two wells is below a critical value, and to macroscopic quantum self-trapping i.e, inhibition of large amplitude Josephson oscillations above the threshold for the population imbalance. In this paper, a novel technique to adiabatically control of BEC in a double-well potential is proposed. The adiabatic dynamics of a BEC in a double well potential can be described in terms of a dark variable resulting from a combination of the population imbalance and the spatial atomic coherence.