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Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science

Dynamically control of condensate solitons

Yang Ru-shu

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A systematically quantum control method of the dynamic properties of the linear and the nonlianear excitations were developed for quasi-dimensional Bose-Einstein conden- sate trapped in optical lattices. It was found out that the interatomic interaction strength has an important effect on soliton dynamic properties of Bose-Einstein condensate.

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Generating and observing soliton dynamics in Bose Einstein Condensates

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Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), a quantum state of matter formed when bosonic atoms are cooled close to absolute zero, have become the premier platform for investigating fundamental physics with atomic vapours. Experiments on Bose-Einstein condensates now achieve exquisite control over many aspects of the system, including interactions, trapping potential, and dynamics. This has precipitated a new wave of research into many-body quantum phenomena and, in particular, solitons. These structures are fundamental excitations of an interacting non-linear medium, of interest to a multitude of scientific disciplines from non-linear optics to financial markets. The highly controllable environment of BECs form an attractive playground for the study of solitons allowing the non-linearity to be dynamically tuned, facilitating deeper investigations into these structures. Consistently generating and analysing solitons in BEC experiments continues to be problematic. 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The algorithm is shown to produce high quality Bose-Einstein condensates in 10 times fewer experimental iterations than previously used online optimisation techniques. By exploiting information on the sensitivity of each control, the model can be used to aid experimental design. The convergence of the optimisation is further improved by eliminating a superfluous parameter identified by the model. The general usefulness of machine learning compared with bespoke optimisation algorithms has seen machine learning approach ubiquity. Finally, an experimentally straightforward technique for continuous non-destructive imaging of matter-wave solitons was developed and implemented, facilitating measurements of stochastic phenomena. The technique is readily practicable on any ultracold atom experiment with an existing absorption imaging system, simply requiring the probe laser be far-detuned from resonance. With a signal-to-noise of ∼ 33 at 1.25 GHz detuning, the technique is capable of producing 100 images with no observable heating or atom loss. Coupled with a fast optical phase locked loop, the technique can be used in conjunction with absorption imaging to generate a series of non-destructive images followed by a final high signal-to-noise absorption image solely through moving the laser on resonance for the final image. The high performance and utility of this imaging setup make it a powerful tool for ultra-cold atom experiments.

•Jan 1, 2017•1 citation
A systematically quantum control method of the dynamic properties of the linear and the nonlianear excitations were developed for quasi-dimensional Bose-Einstein conden- sate trapped in optical lattices. It was found out that the interatomic interaction strength has an important effect on soliton dynamic properties of Bose-Einstein condensate.
We have developed a systematic analytical approach to the study on the dynamic properties of the linear and the nonlinear excitations for quasi-one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in optical lattices. A novel linear dispersion relation and an algebraic soliton solution of the condensate are derived analytically under consideration of Bose–Einstein condensate with a periodic potential. By analysing the soliton solution, we find that the interatomic interaction strength has an important effect on soliton dynamic properties of Bose–Einstein condensate.
An extended variation method for describing the dynamical evolution of Bose-Einstein condensate solitons in the presence of optic-lattice and harmonic potentials was developed.This method agreed well with full numerical simulations and highlighted the dominant physical interactions in the system,namely,amplitude,width,chirp,center-position,and center-frequency dynamics.It further presented the critical strength ratio of optic-lattice to harmonic potential necessary to support multiple stable lattice sites for the Bose-Einstein condensate solitons and demonstrated that the Bose-Einstein condensate solitons could move selectively from one stable lattice site location to arbitrary final position by simply manipulating the optic-lattice potential.In addition,some interesting results for the experiments and applications of the Bose-Einstein condensates were also obtained.
The characteristics of two coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) bright solitons trapped in an optical lattice are investigated with the variational approach and direct numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. It is found that the optical lattice can be controllably used to capture and drag the coupled BEC solitons. Its effect depends on the initial location of the BEC solitons, the lattice amplitude and wave-number, and the amplitude of the coupled BEC solitons. The effective interaction between the two coupled solitons is the attractive effect.
Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), a quantum state of matter formed when bosonic atoms are cooled close to absolute zero, have become the premier platform for investigating fundamental physics with atomic vapours. Experiments on Bose-Einstein condensates now achieve exquisite control over many aspects of the system, including interactions, trapping potential, and dynamics. This has precipitated a new wave of research into many-body quantum phenomena and, in particular, solitons. These structures are fundamental excitations of an interacting non-linear medium, of interest to a multitude of scientific disciplines from non-linear optics to financial markets. The highly controllable environment of BECs form an attractive playground for the study of solitons allowing the non-linearity to be dynamically tuned, facilitating deeper investigations into these structures. Consistently generating and analysing solitons in BEC experiments continues to be problematic. In particular, the non-linear dynamics of BECs, though required for the generation of solitons, produce particularly challenging control and optimization problems. These control problems must be solved before further investigations into the fundamental physics of soliton dynamics can be answered. This thesis makes three important advances in the control and measurement of BECs that will lead to better generation and observation of solitons. (1) a theoretical model for a control scheme capable of highly precise wavefunction engineering, (2) the experimental implementation of a machine learning algorithm for online optimisation, and (3) a continuous non-destructive imaging system capable of directly observing soliton dynamics in real-time. Together, these advances provide a suite of tools for manipulating and exploiting solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates. A novel technique was developed theoretically, offering control of the macroscopic wavefunction of a Bose-Einstein condensate with unprecedented spatial resolution and speed. The ability to control the atomic wavefunction at the fundamental length scale is key to the advancement of many quantum technologies such as quantum simulators. The magnetic resonance control scheme is demonstrated through simulation of a 87Rb condensate with the exemplar model generating a single dark soliton with corresponding π phase kink. The soliton represents a structure at the fundamental length scale of the system, and demonstrates the potential of the scheme for precision state engineering. The scheme is extended to generate higher-order soliton modes which are yet to be experimentally realised. A machine learning algorithm based on Gaussian processes was developed and implemented on the evaporative cooling stage of the production of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate, successfully demonstrating fast optimisation to condensation. The Gaussian process develops a statistical model based on the data that enables the characterisation of the relationship between the experimental controls and resultant quality of the BEC. This relationship is often obfuscated through technical details of the apparatus, frustrating the use of theoretical models to design optimal evaporation ramps. These models often only consider ergodic dynamics with two-body s-wave interactions and no other loss rates with better ramps likely exploiting more complex interactions. The internal model generated from the Gaussian process utilised uncertainty in measured data, making the optimisation more robust to experimental noise than alternate methods. The algorithm is shown to produce high quality Bose-Einstein condensates in 10 times fewer experimental iterations than previously used online optimisation techniques. By exploiting information on the sensitivity of each control, the model can be used to aid experimental design. The convergence of the optimisation is further improved by eliminating a superfluous parameter identified by the model. The general usefulness of machine learning compared with bespoke optimisation algorithms has seen machine learning approach ubiquity. Finally, an experimentally straightforward technique for continuous non-destructive imaging of matter-wave solitons was developed and implemented, facilitating measurements of stochastic phenomena. The technique is readily practicable on any ultracold atom experiment with an existing absorption imaging system, simply requiring the probe laser be far-detuned from resonance. With a signal-to-noise of ∼ 33 at 1.25 GHz detuning, the technique is capable of producing 100 images with no observable heating or atom loss. Coupled with a fast optical phase locked loop, the technique can be used in conjunction with absorption imaging to generate a series of non-destructive images followed by a final high signal-to-noise absorption image solely through moving the laser on resonance for the final image. The high performance and utility of this imaging setup make it a powerful tool for ultra-cold atom experiments.