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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Reversible mapping of spin to orbital angular momentum degree of freedom of one photon of an entangled pair

Brian T. Kirby, Michael Brodsky, Nenad Bozinovic, Siddharth Ramachandran

Published Jan 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate high fidelity conversion of a polarization-entangled photon pair into a hybrid OAM-polarization entangled pair by using a special multi-mode vortex fiber. A new model accounting for frequency-dependent modal loss fits the data.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2017.jw2a.18

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Entanglement distribution between distant parties is one of the most important and challenging tasks in quantum communication. Distribution of photonic entangled states using optical fiber links is a fundamental building block towards quantum networks. Among the different degrees of freedom, orbital angular momentum (OAM) is one of the most promising due to its natural capability to encode high dimensional quantum states. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate fiber distribution of hybrid polarization-vector vortex entangled photon pairs. To this end, we exploit a recently developed air-core fiber which supports OAM modes. High fidelity distribution of the entangled states is demonstrated by performing quantum state tomography in the polarization-OAM Hilbert space after fiber propagation, and by violations of Bell inequalities and multipartite entanglement tests. The present results open new scenarios for quantum applications where correlated complex states can be transmitted by exploiting the vectorial nature of light.
Hybrid entangled states exhibit entanglement between different degrees of freedom of a particle pair and thus could be useful for asymmetric optical quantum network where the communication channels are characterized by different properties. We report the first experimental realization of hybrid polarization-orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled states by adopting a spontaneous parametric down conversion source of polarization entangled states and a polarization-OAM transferrer. The generated quantum states have been characterized through quantum state tomography. Finally, the violation of Bell's inequalities with the hybrid two photon system has been observed.
Abstract Spin and orbital angular momenta of light are attractive resources to harness for encoding, and manipulating information, with applications in various quantum photonic technologies. However, to fully harness that potential, we require robust sources of high-order angular momentum photons exhibiting nonclassical correlations. Here, we propose a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photons in high-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. In our setup the pairs of photons are generated in a cylindrical fiber through a four-wave mixing process, which induces polarization, or spin entanglement. The photons are then converted to modes exhibiting large OAM by two helical gratings inscribed in the core of the fiber. We present a complete theoretical framework used to consistently describe this process, and demonstrate a robust control over the joint spectral amplitude of the generated photons.