In this paper, we discuss the effect that photon polarization has on the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) during the special case scenario of when the target is enveloped in either a uniform electric field or magnetic field and all of its atomic electric/magnetic dipole moments become aligned (target polarization). This target polarization causes the coupling between the photon and the matter to change and alter the scattering characteristics of the target. Most notably, it causes scattering to be very near zero at a specified angle. We also investigate the relationship between electric and magnetic types of coupling and find that the electric contribution dominates the QRCS response.
In this paper, we discuss the effect that photon polarization has on the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) during the special case scenario of when the target is enveloped in either a uniform electric field or magnetic field and all of its atomic electric/magnetic dipole moments become aligned (target polarization). This target polarization causes the coupling between the photon and the matter to change and alter the scattering characteristics of the target. Most notably, it causes scattering to be very near zero at a specified angle. We also investigate the relationship between electric and magnetic types of coupling and find that the electric contribution dominates the QRCS response.
The quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is a measure of how electromagnetically “large” an object appears to a quantum radar. The fundamental mechanism that creates the return response is the interaction between the atomic electric dipole moments and the incoming photon. This paper derives the QRCS equation considering the effect of photon polarization in this interaction, as well as providing a means to study bistatic radar geometries. It is found that under normal circumstances, polarization plays no role in the target response. However, if the target's atomic dipoles are all aligned in one particular direction, such as if the object is in a strong uniform or slowly varying field, polarization has a significant effect on the response by allowing us to “steer” the location of a null to any observation angle desired. Furthermore, scattering can be suppressed in a very large range of scattering angles (not just one) if the polarization of the object and photon are chosen judiciously. It will be shown that this effect is unique to quantum radar and has no classical counterpart.
Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is studied in this paper, which has an objective measure of the quantum scattering ability of a specified target. The interaction process between quantum radar and the target is introduced, and new results about quantum scattering characteristics of typical targets are reported. Simulation results demonstrate that the number of side lobes of QRCS is dependent on the target size and the interatomic distance; values of QRCS increase with the increasing of the signal photon frequency. For the cylinder target, QRCS increased as the radius increases. The work and results can be beneficial to the design of quantum radar system as well as the development of remote sensing of earth observation.
In radar, the amount of returns that an object sends back to the receiver after
being struck by an electromagnetic wave is characterized by what is known as the
radar cross section, denoted by � typically. There are many mechanisms that affect
how much radiation is reflected back in the receiver direction, such as reflectivity,
physical contours and dimensions, attenuation properties of the materials, projected
cross sectional area and so on. All of these characteristics are lumped together in a
single value of �, which has units of m2. Stealth aircrafts for example are designed
to minimize its radar cross section and return the smallest amount of radiation
possible in the receiver direction.
A new concept has been introduced called quantum radar, that uses correlated
quantum states of photons as well as the unique properties of quantum mechanics
to ascertain information on a target at a distance. At the time of writing this
dissertation, quantum radar is very much in its infancy. There still exist fundamental
questions about the feasibility of its implementation, especially in the microwave
spectrum. However, what has been theoretically determined, is that quantum radar
has a fundamental advantage over classical radar in terms of resolution and returns
in certain regimes.
Analogous to the classical radar cross section (CRCS), the concept of the
quantum radar cross section (QRCS) has been introduced. This quantity measures
how “large” an object looks to a quantum radar be describing how a single photon, or
small cluster of photons scatter off of a macroscopic target. Preliminary simulations
of the basic quantum radar cross section equation have yielded promising results
showing an advantage in sidelobe response in comparison to the classical RCS. This
document expands upon this idea by providing insight as to where this advantage expanding upon the theory.
The expanded theory presented in this document includes re-deriving the QRCS
formula to be a general bistatic formula, as the current equation is only valid for
monostatic radar geometries. This re-derivation process also leads to the addition of
terms that capture the effect of photon polarization, something that is not properly
taken into account in the current literature. Most importantly, a new formulation
of the QRCS formula will be derived that includes writing the equation in terms
of Fourier transforms. This has a profound impact on the analysis of the theory
of the QRCS as it allows for the derivation of closed form solutions of certain
geometries, something that has never been possible due to the form of the current
QRCS equation. All together, this document will provide a complete and general
theory of the QRCS.
After deriving the necessary equations, there will be extensive work in the
utilization of these equations in deriving geometry dependent responses and comparing
the closed form solutions to the classical solutions as well as comparing the
solutions to the numerical simulations.
The current literature relies exclusively on numerical simulations…
Quantum radar is a new detection technology based on the mechanism of quantum physics and is promising for enhancing radar target detection capability. In this letter, the quantum radar equation is established based on the traditional radar equation; meanwhile, how the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) influences target detection performance and how QRCSs for some typical targets distribute are investigated via simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the QRCS, the peak values of side-lobes of the QRCS for the cylinder surface fluctuate little, and the QRCS for corner reflectors almost exhibits no variations in a wide range of incident angles. The results listed above can benefit the signal design and performance evaluation of quantum radar as well as the design of quantum stealthy targets.
We study two-photon entangled states for quantum radar cross section (QRCS), which is an extension of a single-photon QRCS formula. Since signal-idler entanglement does not provide any enhancement of the QRCS [Brandsema's PhD Thesis (2017)], we focus on signal-signal entanglement and derive the corresponding biphoton QRCS. We show that it can provide an enhancement over the single-photon QRCS and two-photon separable QRCS, where the performance is evaluated for various two-dimensional target geometries in monostatic/bistatic configurations. Furthermore, using the double-Gaussian approximation, we derive QRCS formula for biphoton states with arbitrary degree of entanglement and compute the resulting scattering patterns.
Though much work has been done concerning quantum radar cross section (QRCS), the related question about quantum radar scattering characteristics of targets in the atmospheric medium has not been considered. Understanding this question is of primary significance in the military and civil fields of quantum radar. The main objective of the paper is to propose a new algorithm for the calculation of QRCS in homogeneous atmospheric medium (M-QRCS). Therefore, based on the chain of beam splitters proposed by M. Lanzagorta to describe homogeneous atmospheric medium, the photon attenuation model is established, the photon wave function is modified, and the M-QRCS equation is proposed. Furthermore, in order to obtain an accurate M-QRCS response, we carry out simulation experiments on a flat rectangular plate in the atmospheric medium composed of different atomic arrays. Based on this, we study the influence of the attenuation coefficient, temperature, and visibility on the intensity of the peak value of main lobe and side lobes of M-QRCS. In addition, it is worth noting that the numerical calculation method proposed in this paper is based on the interaction between photons and atoms on the target surface, so it is suitable for the calculation and simulation of M-QRCS for targets of any shape.