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Toward custom design of diamond-based quantum sensors (Conference Presentation)

Philip Hemmer

Published Apr 28, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I discuss new ways to grow diamond that promise near-deterministic design of fluorescent color-centers, optimized for quantum sensing applications. Briefly diamonds are grown around diamond-like organic seed molecules that have the dopant atoms needed for specific color centers, located in the correct approximate locations. It can be seen that this approach can give unprecedented control over the number and placement of color centers. Complete quantum registers might also be fabricated, for example a nitrogen-vacancy and at 13C atom with a well-defined separation surrounded by only 12C diamond. In this talk I will discuss our first key success, which is growing diamonds under conditions where the seed molecules are stable, as well as current experiments.

DOI
10.1117/12.2257566

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I discuss new ways to grow diamond that promise near-deterministic design of fluorescent color-centers, optimized for quantum sensing applications. Briefly diamonds are grown around diamond-like organic seed molecules that have the dopant atoms needed for specific color centers, located in the correct approximate locations. It can be seen that this approach can give unprecedented control over the number and placement of color centers. Complete quantum registers might also be fabricated, for example a nitrogen-vacancy and at 13C atom with a well-defined separation surrounded by only 12C diamond. In this talk I will discuss our first key success, which is growing diamonds under conditions where the seed molecules are stable, as well as current experiments.
I discuss new ways to grow diamond that promise near-deterministic design of fluorescent color-centers, optimized for quantum sensing and metrology applications. The key is to grow diamond from organic molecules at a low enough temperature such that only some of the molecules decompose. This approach gives unprecedented control over the properties of diamond color centers by decoupling diamond-growth from color-center creation. In addition, low growth temperature produces high quality diamonds and allows a wider choice of growth pressures than is currently believed possible.
The performance of diamond color centers for quantum information and sensing depends strongly on the quality of the material. Specifically, ultra-pure, low-strain diamond is preferred. However, in order to create color centers, non-carbon atoms must be incorporated into the lattice either by rapid growth or implantation. Both these techniques cause defects and lattice damage that degrades ultimate performance. To overcome these problems, we show a molecule-seeded growth technique that decouples the doping and growth processes. The result is near-deterministic creation of specific color centers in chemically pure, low-strain diamond. Data showing selective growth of H3 and NV centers will be presented, where the NV is used to verify that the crystals are low-strain. Future application to other color centers like silicon, germanium, and tin vacancies will be discussed. Also the possibility of direct growth of more complex quantum registers.
Diamond color centers like the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) have shown much promise for nanoscale sensing of magnetic and electric fields and temperature. So far however the quantum properties of the NV have not been used to full advantage, for example quantum entanglement of NV qubits has rarely been used for sensing. In this talk I will review recent advances in the fabrication of NVs, and other magnetic color centers in diamond, and in the growth of high quality nanodiamonds. Combining these advances, I will discuss the future prospects of engineering quantum-enhanced sensors in nanodiamonds.
Synthetic diamond has recently emerged as a candidate material for a number of quantum applications, including quantum information processing and quantum sensing. In this talk, I will show how single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers can be created near the diamond surface and used as nanoscale sensors of electric and magnetic fields. I will also demonstrate novel dynamical decoupling techniques allowing to improve the sensitivity of diamond quantum sensors and discuss applications of small-scale quantum registers for nanoscale NMR. Applications of NV centers for hyperpolarisation of nuclear spins and application of optical spin polarization in MRI will be presented.
In recent years there has been substantial progress in solid-state quantum information demonstrations based on diamond. This ranges from room-temperature multi-qubit quantum registers to spin-photon entanglement to loophole-free Bell tests. Most of these demonstrations are done with the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. Recently however the silicon-vacancy (SiV) center has shown a much better coupling to photons, owing to the suppression of spectral diffusion. Still more recently the germanium-vacancy (GeV) has shown much higher quantum efficiency the SiV. However there are tradeoffs. In this talk I will review the various options for quantum information devices in diamond. I will also discuss new options for the future, including designer color centers made possible by novel diamond growth techniques.
Artificial atoms like the nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond enable the realization of fully functional qubits in a solid at room temperature. The functionalities of all the parts needed to create a quantum computer, such as quantum error correction, couplings, quantum teleportation, and a quantum repeater, have already been experimentally demonstrated. These achievements are expected to influence the industrial development of quantum information technology as well as quantum sensing. Whereas quantum sensing has been established and a large number of organizations are working on new developments in this area, a quantum computer itself remains elusive due to technical reasons and limitations of the available materials. For example, only in recent months has it become possible to electrically readout the NV spin state at the level of a single center and significantly improve the scalability of NV center production. A number of ideas have been proposed to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. This paper summarizes the status of research in the area, details the most promising concepts for development, and discusses factors limiting progress as well as the most recent developments in the field.