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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Slow light in resonant photonic crystals with a complex unit cell

Dmitrii R. Kazanov, A. V. Poshakinskiy, T. V. Shubina

Published Jan 1, 2017• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Features of the propagation and slowing down of short light pulses (duration of ~0.1–2 ps) in one-dimensional resonant photonic crystals with various types of unit cells containing several quantum wells are discussed. It is established that the use of structures with a complex unit cell makes it possible to reduce the group velocity of exciton-polaritons along with the conservation of the width of the transparency window. The calculations show the possibility of the slowing down of a light pulse by a factor of 50 as compared to a pulse propagating in vacuum. The predicted delay time of the pulse is 2 ps at a damping of only 3–5 times.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364017010118

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Features of the propagation and slowing down of short light pulses (duration of ~0.1–2 ps) in one-dimensional resonant photonic crystals with various types of unit cells containing several quantum wells are discussed. It is established that the use of structures with a complex unit cell makes it possible to reduce the group velocity of exciton-polaritons along with the conservation of the width of the transparency window. The calculations show the possibility of the slowing down of a light pulse by a factor of 50 as compared to a pulse propagating in vacuum. The predicted delay time of the pulse is 2 ps at a damping of only 3–5 times.
We theoretically investigate slow and fast light propagation and pulse velocity control in a nanocavity containing a single quantum dot side-coupled to a planar-photonic-crystal waveguide. We demonstrate that low coupling strength (i.e., the weak coupling regime) between a cavity and a dot, under on-resonance condition, can lead to delays of about +90 ps for a pulse 1/e-width of 280 ps. The group delay dependence on the various coupling parameters suggests achievable delays of +300 ps and consequently very slow light speeds of around 5000 m/s in a 1.5 microm cavity-waveguide section. We also show that under off-resonant condition one can achieve significant pulse advancement of -60 ps.
In this study, an efficient and compact optical device for slowing light in corrugated photonic crystals with different corrugation patterns are discussed. The proposed structure shows relatively large group delay with wide bandwidth and approximately zero group velocity dispersion in near-infrared region. Also, due to the zero group velocity dispersion applied on transmitted pulse, high quality pulse can be obtained by using this approach. For comparison, three different photonic crystal structures containing triangular, sinusoidal and graded sinusoidal corrugation patterns were investigated. The group index as much as 5 with the bandwidth about 50 nm is achieved in the sinusoidal corrugated photonic crystal with 8 μm length. This slow-light structure is very promising for application in quantum memories.
We report on theoretical studies of short optical pulse propagation through resonant photonic crystals (RPCs) based on conventional II-VI quantum wells (QWs) and van-der-Waals (vdW) Bragg heterostructures composed of extreme-2D monolayers. The parameters needed for modelling were determined by fitting of the experimental reflectance spectra. The delay of the transmitted picosecond optical pulses is predicted to be larger in vdW structures than in the structures with QWs due to the higher radiative width of the exciton resonance. Moreover, in the vdW RPCs, the pulse shape undergoes smaller modification owing to the almost linear dispersion of the "slow" mode. High-quality extreme-2D monolayers will allow for even stronger delays without distortion and small intensity decrease, needed for nanophotonics applications.
We have studied the dispersion of ultrafast pulses in a photonic crystal waveguide as a function of optical frequency, in both experiment and theory. With phase-sensitive and time-resolved near-field microscopy, the light was probed inside the waveguide in a non-invasive manner. The effect of dispersion on the shape of the pulses was determined. As the optical frequency decreased, the group velocity decreased. Simultaneously, the measured pulses were broadened during propagation, due to an increase in group velocity dispersion. On top of that, the pulses exhibited a strong asymmetric distortion as the propagation distance increased. The asymmetry increased as the group velocity decreased. The asymmetry of the pulses is caused by a strong increase of higher order dispersion. As the group velocity was reduced to 0.116(9) .c, we found group velocity dispersion of -1.1(3) .10(6) ps(2)/km and third order dispersion of up to 1.1(4) .10(5) ps(3)/km. We have modelled our interferometric measurements and included the full dispersion of the photonic crystal waveguide. Our mathematical model and the experimental findings showed a good correspondence. Our findings show that if the most commonly used slow light regime in photonic crystals is to be exploited, great care has to be taken about higher-order dispersion.
Ultra-slow light and complete transmission properties in one-dimensional Cantor photonic crystals are presented. In contrast to traditional dielectric photonic crystals, the proposed structure has large group delay, slower group velocity, and a high quality factor within the same layers and materials. This study shows that larger than 1 μs group delay and slower than 1 m/s group velocity are achieved in the fifth-order Cantor photonic crystal with 52.75 μm length. This ultra-slow-light structure is very promising for application in advanced slow-light devices. A high quality factor of 109 and multiband filters with complete transmission can also be obtained by using this approach.
The propagation of a pulse through one-dimensional photonic crystals that contain a dispersive and absorptive defect layer doped with two-level atoms is discussed. The dynamical evolution of the pulse inside the photonic crystal is presented. Superluminal negative group velocity (the peak appears at the exit end before it reaches the input end) is discovered. Although the group velocity is larger than c and even negative, the velocity of energy propagation never exceeds the vacuum light speed. The appearance of the superluminal advance or subluminal delay of the pulse peak inside the photonic crystal or at the exit end is due to the wave interference from Bragg reflections.