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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Light propagation through conventional and extreme-2D van-der-Waals resonant photonic crystals

Dmitrii R. Kazanov, A. V. Poshakinskiy, Sergey Vladimirovich Sorokin, T. V. Shubina

Published Nov 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report on theoretical studies of short optical pulse propagation through resonant photonic crystals (RPCs) based on conventional II-VI quantum wells (QWs) and van-der-Waals (vdW) Bragg heterostructures composed of extreme-2D monolayers. The parameters needed for modelling were determined by fitting of the experimental reflectance spectra. The delay of the transmitted picosecond optical pulses is predicted to be larger in vdW structures than in the structures with QWs due to the higher radiative width of the exciton resonance. Moreover, in the vdW RPCs, the pulse shape undergoes smaller modification owing to the almost linear dispersion of the "slow" mode. High-quality extreme-2D monolayers will allow for even stronger delays without distortion and small intensity decrease, needed for nanophotonics applications.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/917/6/062022

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The subject of the review is the diffraction of an electromagnetic wave on a periodic condensed matter where the Bragg condition is satisfied at the frequency of resonance excited in this medium. The Bragg systems known as resonant photonic crystals in general have been considered, and the propagation, reflection, transmission, and diffraction of electromagnetic radiation in different objects—(I) periodic quantum-well structures near the exciton resonance, (II) optical lattices of atoms cooled in a laser field, and (III) bulk crystals and multilayers with gamma-ray resonance intranuclear transitions—have been described in a unified context. The main attention has been paid to the steady-state linear diffraction, including resonant reflection and transmission, which is the best studied and allows a comparison of the three aforementioned systems with the aim of revealing specific characteristics and common features. A characteristic common property of the considered systems is the suppression of non-radiative channels and an inhomogeneous broadening of the resonance frequency. The second fundamental property of resonant photonic crystals is that the interaction of light with resonant excitation can occur in two regimes depending on the thickness of the sample. In the superradiant regime realized for a small number of resonant layers N (fine structures), the height of the peak and half-width of the reflection spectrum monotonically increase with increasing value of N. With a further increase in N, there occurs a transition to a photonic-crystal regime where the half-width of the reflection spectrum is saturated, which manifests itself in the form of an optical stop band. The theoretical description is illustrated by experimental spectra measured for all three resonant Bragg systems.
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I will discuss our recent results demonstrating exceptional nonlinear optical frequency conversion in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). By fabricating nano-photonic elements such as waveguides, metasurfaces, and periodically poled stacks, we achieve macroscopic frequency conversion efficiencies over microscopic distances, 10 to 100× smaller than current systems with similar performances. Further, we report the broadband generation of entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelength via quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion, showing the highest coincidence-to-accidental-ratio (CAR) ever demonstrated in a vdW material. This work opens the new and unexplored field of phase-matched nonlinear optics with microscopic van der Waals crystals, unlocking applications that require simple, ultra-compact technologies such as on-chip entangled photon-pair sources for integrated quantum circuitry and sensing.
We investigate the temporal and spectral properties of subpicosecond pulses transmitted on the heavy-hole exciton transition through a multiple-quantum-well Bragg structure, exhibiting a one-dimensional photonic band gap. At low light intensities, a temporal propagation beating is observed. This beating is strongly dependent on the optical dephasing time T2{T}_{2}T2​ which is dominated by the radiative interwell coupling. In an intermediate intensity regime, the Pauli-blocking nonlinearity leads to gradual suppression of the photonic band gap and vanishing of the linear propagation beating. For highly nonlinear excitation, we find signatures of self-induced transmission due to Rabi flopping and adiabatic following of the carrier density. Numerical simulations using the semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data up to intensities for which higher many-particle correlations become more important and self-phase modulation occurs in the sample substrate.