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Applied Physics Express

Effect of isotopic purification on spectral-hole narrowing in 167Er3+ hyperfine transitions

Takehiko Tawara, Giacomo Mariani, Kaoru Shimizu, Hiroo Omi, S. Adachi, Hideki Gotoh

Published Mar 29, 2017• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigated spectral-hole narrowing in optical transitions between hyperfine sublevels in isotopically purified erbium ions ( 167 Er 3+ ). The homogeneous broadening Γ h of the optical transition was measured in purified and non-purified Er 3+ -doped crystals via spectral-hole burning. The measured Γ h in the purified 167 Er 3+ exhibited a significant reduction of the hole width because the fluctuation of the local magnetic field induced by the electron spins of the surrounding Er 3+ ions was eliminated. Because the narrowing of the Γ h is equivalent to the prolongation of the coherence time, the isotopic purification is effective for the coherent manipulation of quantum states.

DOI
10.7567/apex.10.042801

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We investigated spectral-hole narrowing in optical transitions between hyperfine sublevels in isotopically purified erbium ions ( 167 Er 3+ ). The homogeneous broadening Γ h of the optical transition was measured in purified and non-purified Er 3+ -doped crystals via spectral-hole burning. The measured Γ h in the purified 167 Er 3+ exhibited a significant reduction of the hole width because the fluctuation of the local magnetic field induced by the electron spins of the surrounding Er 3+ ions was eliminated. Because the narrowing of the Γ h is equivalent to the prolongation of the coherence time, the isotopic purification is effective for the coherent manipulation of quantum states.
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Abstract 167Er3+ doped solids are a promising platform for quantum technology due to erbium’s telecom C-band optical transition and its long hyperfine coherence times. We experimentally study the spin Hamiltonian and dynamics of 167Er3+ spins in Y2O3 using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The anisotropic electron Zeeman, hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole matrices are fitted using data obtained by X-band (9.5 GHz) EPR spectroscopy. We perform pulsed EPR spectroscopy to measure spin relaxation time T 1 and coherence time T 2 for the 3 principal axes of an anisotropic g tensor. Long electronic spin coherence time up to 24.4 μs is measured for lowest g transition at 4 K, exceeding previously reported values at much lower temperatures. Measurements of decoherence mechanism indicates T 2 limited by spectral diffusion and instantaneous diffusion. Long spin coherence times, along with a strong anisotropic hyperfine interaction makes 167Er3+:Y2O3 a rich system and an excellent candidate for spin-based quantum technologies.
We have measured spectral diffusion in Er3+-doped YLiF4 from the time dependence of spectral hole shapes. The holes were burned in the absorption corresponding to the transition between the lowest Zeeman components of the 4I15/2(1) and 4F9/2(1) levels of Er3+:YLiF4 at 15298.6 cm−1 and were scanned by rapid Zeeman tuning of the erbium energy levels. In an external magnetic field of 26 kG, which supresses erbium–erbium spin flips, the mechanism for spectral diffusion involved local field fluctuations that are due to 19F nuclear spin flips in the perturbing field of the erbium electron spins. Numerical simulation of the fluorine spin dynamics gives semiquantitative agreement with the observed time-dependent hole shapes.
We explore optical coherence and spin dynamics of an isotopically purified 166 Er: 7 LiYF 4 crystal below 1 K and at weak magnetic fields < 0.3T. Crystals were grown in our lab and demonstrate narrow inhomogeneous optical broadening down to 16 MHz. Solid-state atomic ensembles with such narrow linewidths are very attractive for implementing of off-resonant Raman quantum memory and for the interfacing of superconducting quantum circuits and telecom C-band optical photons. Both applications require a low magnetic field of ∼10 mT. However, at conventional experimental temperatures T > 1.5 K, optical coherence of Er:LYF crystal attains time scale only at strong magnetic fields above 1.5 T. In the present work, we demonstrate that the deep freezing of Er:LYF crystal below 1 K results in the increase of optical coherence time to at weak fields.