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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Heralded entanglement between two single atoms at remote locations

Markus Weber, Julian Hofmann, Wenjamin Rosenfeld, Christian Kurtsiefer, Norbert Ortegel, Michael Krug, Harald Weinfurter

Published Feb 29, 2012• 0 citations
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An obvious way to entangle two atoms located at remote locations is to produce a pair of entangled photons half-way between the two atoms, to send one photon to each location and to subsequently map the photonic entanglement into the atoms. The efficiency of this process is, however, fundamentally limited due to overall transmission losses. We propose a method to herald the success of the mapping operation in free space without destroying nor revealing the stored quantum state. Interestingly for a Bell test, the heralding signal does not open the detection loophole provided the measurement choice is performed once the heralding is obtained only. We show through a detailed feasibility study that this approach could provide an attractive alternative to Bell tests where the atom–atom entanglement is created from atom–photon entanglement using an entanglement swapping operation.
Heralded storage of photons is crucial for advancing quantum networks. Previous realizations have primarily relied on single atoms strongly coupled to optical cavities. In this work, we present the experimental realization of heralded storage using a Rydberg superatom, a mesoscopic atomic ensemble operating in the strong blockade regime. In our approach, an input photon is initially stored in the superatom via electromagnetically induced transparency. Subsequently, a second photon is emitted conditioned on the success of the first photon's storage. Because of the collectively enhanced interaction, both the storage and the emission of the herald photon can be rather efficient in principle. As a demonstration of this technique, we use it to entangle two remote Rydberg superatoms. This method obviates the need for an intermediate node, which is commonly employed in traditional interference-based remote entanglement schemes. Our results showcase the potential of performing cavity-QED-like experiments with Rydberg superatoms. This work opens pathways for numerous applications in quantum networks and linear optical quantum computing.