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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Entangling two single atoms at remote locations

Julian Hofmann, Norbert Ortegel, Michael Krug, Florian Henkel, Michael H. W. Weber, Wenjamin Rosenfeld, Harald Weinfurter

Published Jun 14, 2011• 0 citations
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This thesis reports on the generation of entanglement between two single atoms, located in different laboratories at a distance of 21 m. The entanglement is established in the conceptually most fundamental way - by exchange of a single photon. To this end, we efficiently create high-fidelity entanglement between one of the atoms and a photon, and then faithfully map the entanglement onto the other atom. Both the photon emission and absorption process are facilitated by employing high-finesse optical resonators that strongly enhance the coupling between light and matter.
An obvious way to entangle two atoms located at remote locations is to produce a pair of entangled photons half-way between the two atoms, to send one photon to each location and to subsequently map the photonic entanglement into the atoms. The efficiency of this process is, however, fundamentally limited due to overall transmission losses. We propose a method to herald the success of the mapping operation in free space without destroying nor revealing the stored quantum state. Interestingly for a Bell test, the heralding signal does not open the detection loophole provided the measurement choice is performed once the heralding is obtained only. We show through a detailed feasibility study that this approach could provide an attractive alternative to Bell tests where the atom–atom entanglement is created from atom–photon entanglement using an entanglement swapping operation.