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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

The Bichromatic Force for Laser Cooling Without Spontaneous Emission

Christopher Corder, Brian Arnold, Harold J. Metcalf

Published Jun 5, 2014• 0 citations
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Laser cooling without spontaneous emission using the bichromatic force

Christopher Corder, Brian Arnold, Xiang Hua +1 more

It is widely believed that spontaneous emission (SE) is necessary to remove entropy from an atomic sample during laser cooling. In fact, SE is needed for energy removal when laser cooling is done with single-frequency light, but with more than one frequency, both energy and entropy can be removed using only stimulated processes. Our experimental demonstration of this phenomenon works by restricting the atom–light interaction to a time short compared to a cycle of absorption followed by natural decay [Phys. Rev. Lett.114, 043002 (2015)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.114.043002]. We present here additional information on these results, in particular, simulations of the motion of atoms under the bichromatic force that compare well with our data. This accomplishment is of interest to direct laser cooling of molecules or in experiments where working space or time is limited.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 20, 2015•24 citations

Laser Cooling Without Spontaneous Emission Using the Bichromatic Force

Christopher Corder, Brian Arnold, Hua Xiang +1 more

It is widely believed that spontaneous emission (SE) is necessary to remove entropy from an atomic sample during laser cooling. In fact, SE is needed for energy removal when laser cooling is done with single-frequency light, but with more than one frequency, both energy and entropy can be removed using only stimulated processes. Our experimental demonstration of this phenomenon works by restricting the atom–light interaction to a time short compared to a cycle of absorption followed by natural decay [Phys. Rev. Lett.114, 043002 (2015)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.114.043002]. We present here additional information on these results, in particular, simulations of the motion of atoms under the bichromatic force that compare well with our data. This accomplishment is of interest to direct laser cooling of molecules or in experiments where working space or time is limited.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jun 10, 2015•0 citations

Simulation of laser cooling by the bichromatic force

Xiang Hua, Christopher Corder, Harold J. Metcalf

The bichromatic force allows laser cooling using stimulated processes only. We provide details of our simulations of the bichromatic force when the effects of spontaneous emission are suppressed by restricting the atom-light interaction time to be short enough that there cannot be a significant number of spontaneous emission events. This short interaction time requires that the simulation include dynamics of the atomic motion through the light field that is coupled to the internal state dynamics that determine the force on the atom. The simulation is first tested with several standard optical field configurations to confirm its accuracy. Then the results, using conditions that match our experiment, are presented and compared with our measurements. The simulation shows that the resolution of the experiment greatly obscures the degree of cooling. Our simulation predicts an observed velocity distribution reduced by up to a factor of 4 in width over a time comparable to the excited state lifetime. This technique can allow the direct laser cooling of atoms and molecules without closed cycling transitions.

Physical Review A•Jun 10, 2016•4 citations
It is widely believed that spontaneous emission (SE) is necessary to remove entropy from an atomic sample during laser cooling. In fact, SE is needed for energy removal when laser cooling is done with single-frequency light, but with more than one frequency, both energy and entropy can be removed using only stimulated processes. Our experimental demonstration of this phenomenon works by restricting the atom–light interaction to a time short compared to a cycle of absorption followed by natural decay [Phys. Rev. Lett.114, 043002 (2015)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.114.043002]. We present here additional information on these results, in particular, simulations of the motion of atoms under the bichromatic force that compare well with our data. This accomplishment is of interest to direct laser cooling of molecules or in experiments where working space or time is limited.
It is widely believed that spontaneous emission (SE) is necessary to remove entropy from an atomic sample during laser cooling. In fact, SE is needed for energy removal when laser cooling is done with single-frequency light, but with more than one frequency, both energy and entropy can be removed using only stimulated processes. Our experimental demonstration of this phenomenon works by restricting the atom–light interaction to a time short compared to a cycle of absorption followed by natural decay [Phys. Rev. Lett.114, 043002 (2015)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.114.043002]. We present here additional information on these results, in particular, simulations of the motion of atoms under the bichromatic force that compare well with our data. This accomplishment is of interest to direct laser cooling of molecules or in experiments where working space or time is limited.
The bichromatic force allows laser cooling using stimulated processes only. We provide details of our simulations of the bichromatic force when the effects of spontaneous emission are suppressed by restricting the atom-light interaction time to be short enough that there cannot be a significant number of spontaneous emission events. This short interaction time requires that the simulation include dynamics of the atomic motion through the light field that is coupled to the internal state dynamics that determine the force on the atom. The simulation is first tested with several standard optical field configurations to confirm its accuracy. Then the results, using conditions that match our experiment, are presented and compared with our measurements. The simulation shows that the resolution of the experiment greatly obscures the degree of cooling. Our simulation predicts an observed velocity distribution reduced by up to a factor of 4 in width over a time comparable to the excited state lifetime. This technique can allow the direct laser cooling of atoms and molecules without closed cycling transitions.