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IEICE Technical Report; IEICE Tech. Rep.

Physical layer security in free-space optical communications

Hiroyuki Endo, Mikio Fujiwara, Mitsuo Kitamura, Toshiyuki Ito, Morio Toyoshima, Hideki Takenaka, Shimizu Ryosuke, Takao Aoki, Masahide Sasaki

Published Feb 9, 2016• 0 citations
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Hybrid Radio Frequency (RF) and Free Space Optics (FSO) communication systems represent a promising solution for modern communication challenges, offering the robustness of RF and the high data rates of FSO. As these systems become increasingly important in applications ranging from last-mile connectivity to satellite communication, ensuring their security, particularly at the physical layer, has emerged as a critical concern. This survey explores the state of the art in physical layer security (PLS) for mixed RF-FSO systems, highlighting key techniques, challenges, and solutions. We also outline future research directions to enhance the security and performance of these hybrid communication systems. By integrating insights from the latest research, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and future potential of PLS in mixed RF-FSO systems.

•Aug 30, 2024•1 citation
The communication between two legitimate peers in the presence of an external eavesdropper is studied from a physical-layer security perspective in the context of free-space optical (FSO) communications. We discuss viable mechanisms to eavesdrop the communication and study the effect of random optical irradiance fluctuations inherent to FSO communications on the probability of achieving a secure transmission. We observe that the joint effect of laser-beam divergence and turbulence-induced fading on the received irradiance, under certain conditions, allows an external eavesdropper close to the legitimate receiver to compromise the communication. Interestingly, we also observe that an eavesdropper placed close to the legitimate transmitter can easily compromise the communication by taking advantage of the larger attenuation suffered by the signal when propagating through the FSO link.
We present experimental data on message transmission in a free-space optical (FSO) link at an eye-safe wavelength, using a testbed consisting of one sender and two receiver terminals, where the latter two are a legitimate receiver and an eavesdropper. The testbed allows us to emulate a typical scenario of physical-layer (PHY) security such as satellite-to-ground laser communications. We estimate information-theoretic metrics including secrecy rate, secrecy outage probability, and expected code lengths for given secrecy criteria based on observed channel statistics. We then discuss operation principles of secure message transmission under realistic fading conditions, and provide a guideline on a multi-layer security architecture by combining PHY security and upper-layer (algorithmic) security.
Hybrid Radio Frequency (RF) and Free Space Optics (FSO) communication systems represent a promising solution for modern communication challenges, offering the robustness of RF and the high data rates of FSO. As these systems become increasingly important in applications ranging from last-mile connectivity to satellite communication, ensuring their security, particularly at the physical layer, has emerged as a critical concern. This survey explores the state of the art in physical layer security (PLS) for mixed RF-FSO systems, highlighting key techniques, challenges, and solutions. We also outline future research directions to enhance the security and performance of these hybrid communication systems. By integrating insights from the latest research, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and future potential of PLS in mixed RF-FSO systems.