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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Hyper-Entanglement of Photons Emitted by a Quantum Dot

Maximilian Prilmüller, Tobias Huber, Markus A. Müller, Peter Michler, Gregor Weihs, Ana Predojević

Published Jan 1, 2017• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on demonstration of polarization and time-bin hyper-entanglement of photons emitted from a single quantum dot. We achieved this result by applying resonant excitation on a quantum dot system with absent fine structure splitting.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2017.fw1f.3

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Summary form only given. Entanglement, a fundamental resource of quantum technologies, is a unique quantum mechanical attribute. In various systems it can be achieved in various individual degrees of freedom, however some of those systems are able to create entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom simultaneously: hyper-entanglement [1]. Here, we report on demonstration of polarization [2] and time-bin [3] hyper-entangled photons emitted from a single quantum dot. By applying two-photon resonant and coherent excitation on a quantum dot system with marginal fine structure splitting we yield fidelities to the maximally entangled state of 0.80(3) and 0.87(4) in polarization and time-bin, respectively. Quantum enhanced communication schemes rely on Bell-state measurements, which find their simplest realization in the interference of two photons at a beam splitter. However, this method is efficiency limited [4] and a complete Bell state analysis of a photon pair entangled in one degree of freedom using only linear optics is impossible. This limitation can be overcome if the photon pair is entangled in more than one degree of freedom, a hyper-entangled state. Using such states in such schemes does not only reduce the resource overhead [5] it also offers the possibility to increase the success rate significantly [6].
A hyperentangled state of light represents a valuable tool capable of reducing the experimental requirements and resource overheads, and it can improve the success rate of quantum information protocols. Here, we report on demonstration of polarization and time-bin hyperentangled photon pairs emitted from a single quantum dot. We achieved this result by applying resonant and coherent excitation on a quantum dot system with marginal fine structure splitting. Our results yield fidelities to the maximally entangled state of 0.81(6) and 0.87(4) in polarization and time bin, respectively.
A hyperentangled state of light represents a valuable tool capable of reducing the experimental requirements and resource overheads, and it can improve the success rate of quantum information protocols. Here, we report on demonstration of polarization and time-bin hyperentangled photon pairs emitted from a single quantum dot. We achieved this result by applying resonant and coherent excitation on a quantum dot system with marginal fine structure splitting. Our results yield fidelities to the maximally entangled state of 0.81(6) and 0.87(4) in polarization and time bin, respectively.
We propose a scheme to generate hyper-entangled photon pairs from single quantum dots (SQDs). Single photons emitted by SQD are manipulated to be entangled after post-selection. Crucially, exciton fine-structure splitting, which was previously deemed undesirable in similar schemes, is used here to produce photon pairs entangled in both frequency and polarization degrees of freedom. This hyper-entangled two-photon state is potentially more powerful than a normal entangled state for quantum state engineering and quantum information processing.
Summary form only given. A realization of time-bin entanglement obtained from quantum dots would join the strength of long distance transmission that characterizes this type of entanglement with the single photon state purity of the quantum dot emission. Compared with polarization entanglement from quantum dots this scheme does not require elimination of the fine structure splitting responsible for partial distinguishability of the quantum dot cascades [1].Here, we present our results on coherent and resonant excitation of quantum dots, creation of photon pairs, scattering free emission and measurement of the high purity of the emitted photons [2, 3]. In addition, we will show our measurements of the generated time-bin entanglement. To excite a single quantum dot we performed two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton state. Here, we exploited the biexciton binding energy in order to use the laser light which was not resonant to any photon emitted from the quantum dot (Fig. 1a). Our measurements were performed on a single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot. We confirmed the resonant nature of the excitation by observing Rabi oscillations (Fig. 1b). Additionally, we performed Ramsey interference measurement and determined the coherence time of the ground-biexciton state superposition. These measurements show that we can coherently transfer the phase of the excitation laser onto the quantum dot system, a necessary requirement to obtain time-bin entanglement.To test the statistics of the emitted state we measured the auto-correlation of the emitted photons (Fig. 3c). Here, the auto-correlation parameter at zero delay was measured to be 0.012(1) without and 0.0073(8) with background subtraction. In addition, we performed a measurement to characterize the state emitted from a quantum dot using a witness-based criterion described in [4]. With this measurement we experimentally confirmed that the resonantly excited quantum dot emits a non-Gaussian state of light (Fig. 1d). This measurement is the first of this nature ever performed on a semiconductor single photon emitter.
Quantum dots are considered an attractive system for applications in quantum communication and quantum logic, confirmed by experimental demonstrations of quantum dot based single photon emission devices. Another key quantum optics resource is the on-demand generation of entangled photon pairs, for which the radiative decay of the biexciton state in a quantum dot has been proposed. The realization of such a device has been prevented due to polarization splitting of the exciton fine structure, caused by anisotropies of various structural parameters of the dot. We present the results of recent experiments that manage the splitting in quantum dots, in order to allow entangled photon emission. We demonstrate that dots with splitting within the homogeneous linewidth can be realized by carefully controlling the thickness of the dot layer. Furthermore, we show that the splitting can be reduced to zero by the application of an in-plane magnetic field. Polarization dependent correlation measurements on these dots will be presented that show characteristic features of entanglement, such as polarization correlation for all linear detection bases, and circular polarization anti-correlation. Our results indicate that for the first time, we have observed triggered entangled photon pair emission from a quantum dot.