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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Mesoscopic fluctuations of the population of a qubit in a strong alternating field

M. V. Denisenko, Сатанин Аркадий Михайлович

Published Dec 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fluctuations of the population of a Josephson qubit in an alternating field, which is a superposition of electromagnetic pulses with large amplitudes, are studied. It is shown that the relative phase of pulses is responsible for the rate of Landau–Zener transitions and, correspondingly, for the frequency of transitions between adiabatic states. The durations of pulses incident on the qubit are controlled with an accuracy of the field period, which results in strong mesoscopic fluctuations of the population of the qubit. Similar to the magnetic field in mesoscopic physics, the relative phase of pulses can destroy the interference pattern of the population of the qubit. The influence of the duration of the pulse and noise on the revealed fluctuation effects is studied.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776116110078

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Fluctuations of the population of a Josephson qubit in an alternating field, which is a superposition of electromagnetic pulses with large amplitudes, are studied. It is shown that the relative phase of pulses is responsible for the rate of Landau–Zener transitions and, correspondingly, for the frequency of transitions between adiabatic states. The durations of pulses incident on the qubit are controlled with an accuracy of the field period, which results in strong mesoscopic fluctuations of the population of the qubit. Similar to the magnetic field in mesoscopic physics, the relative phase of pulses can destroy the interference pattern of the population of the qubit. The influence of the duration of the pulse and noise on the revealed fluctuation effects is studied.
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The quantum trajectory method has been applied to study the influence of noise on the level populations of a cubit in separate realizations of the experiment and to follow the transition to the averaged dynamics obtained by multiple measurements of the cubit state. As an example of applying the developed method, the influence of noise on the interference pattern appearing in amplitude spectroscopy due to the Landau-Zener transitions in an alternating field has been analyzed. The influence of the number of repeated measurements and fluctuations in the phase of the exciting pulse during formation of the response of a cubit to the external field has been studied, which made it possible to interpret recent experiments from the viewpoint of single realizations and averaged dynamics.
The effect of noise on the populations of the levels of a qubit in individual experimental implementations has been studied by the quantum trajectory method. A transition to the average dynamics obtained by means of multiple measurements of the state of the qubit is analyzed. The developed method is applied to investigate the effect of noise on the interference pattern appearing in the amplitude spectroscopy of the qubit in a strong variable field owing to Landau-Zener transitions. The effect of the number of repeated measurements and the fluctuation of the phase of a pump pulse on the formation of the response of the qubit to the external field has been analyzed. This makes it possible to interpret recent experiments in terms of individual implementations and averaged dynamics.
We investigate the influence of a dipole interaction with a classical radiation field on a qubit during a continuous change of a control parameter. In particular, we explore the non-adiabatic transitions that occur when the qubit is swept with linear speed through resonances with the time-dependent interaction. Two classic problems come together in this model: the Landau–Zener (LZ) and the Rabi problem. The probability of LZ transitions now depends sensitively on the amplitude, the frequency and the phase of the Rabi interaction. The influence of the static phase turns out to be particularly strong, since this parameter controls the time-reversal symmetry of the Hamiltonian. In the limits of large and small frequencies, analytical results obtained within a rotating-wave approximation compare favourably with a numerically exact solution. We discuss physical realizations in microwave optics, quantum dots and molecular nanomagnets.
We irradiated an rf superconducting quantum interference device qubit with large-amplitude and high-frequency electromagnetic field. Population transitions between macroscopic distinct quantum states due to multiple Landau-Zener transitions at energy-level avoided crossings were observed. The qubit population on the excited states as a function of flux detuning and microwave power exhibits interference patterns. Some features are found in the interference and a model based on rate equations can well address these features.
We investigate the amplitude and phase effects of qubit dynamics and excited-state population under the influence of a biharmonic control field. It is demonstrated that the biharmonic driving field can have a significant effect on the behavior of quasienergy level crossing as well as on multiphoton transitions. Also, the interference pattern for the populations of qubit excited states is sensitive to the signal parameters. We discuss the possibility of using these effects for manipulating qubit states and calibrating nanosecond pulses.