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Ukrainian Scientific Journal of Information Security

Multichannel quantum system of fiber-optics secure communication

О. К. Барановский, Иван Романович Гулаков, Евгений Викторович Василиу, Андрей Олегович Зеневич, Igor V. Limar

Published Aug 19, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The method and the scheme of multichannel quantum system of secure communication for transfer of confidential data on optical fiber are developed. The considered scheme combines quantum key distribution with quantum secure data transmission. Such approach does not give possibility to the eavesdropper to decipher that part of information, which he can receive before the detection. The suggested scheme provides higher security level of transferred confidential information, than known, which use traditional pro-tocols of symmetric enciphering in a combination to quantum key distribution. It is found out that for the transmission protected in such a way on optical fiber the choice of wavelengths of 850 and 1625 nanometers is optimum. It is found out that when using in such systems of the avalanche photo diode FD-115L it is possible to provide a speed of information transfer up to 0,8 Mbps in one channel. For increase in speed of transfer, it is proposed to use two and more channels of transfer.

DOI
10.18372/2225-5036.22.10709

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The method and the scheme of multichannel quantum system of secure communication for transfer of confidential data on optical fiber are developed. The considered scheme combines quantum key distribution with quantum secure data transmission. Such approach does not give possibility to the eavesdropper to decipher that part of information, which he can receive before the detection. The suggested scheme provides higher security level of transferred confidential information, than known, which use traditional pro-tocols of symmetric enciphering in a combination to quantum key distribution. It is found out that for the transmission protected in such a way on optical fiber the choice of wavelengths of 850 and 1625 nanometers is optimum. It is found out that when using in such systems of the avalanche photo diode FD-115L it is possible to provide a speed of information transfer up to 0,8 Mbps in one channel. For increase in speed of transfer, it is proposed to use two and more channels of transfer.
In this paper the methods of data protection for developed by authors earlier multichannel system of quantum secure communication are proposed. These methods allow closing the intercepted data from the unauthorized user. The simulation model of quantum secure communication system on optical fiber is developed. This model depends on three parameters: probabilities of an error in the fiber optic channel, time of detection of unauthorized connection to the fiber optic line and transmission rate. Results of modeling for two methods of data protection are presented.
The possibility of using photon counters based on avalanche photodiodes to implement a quantum system for key distribution is shown. The security of encryption key distribution is realized with application of eavesdropper detection technique. The detection technique uses quantum control signal. The structural scheme of the quantum system is presented. The effect of photodetector parameters and the length of optical fiber on the eavesdropper detection time have been determined. The conditions and characteristics of the system to organize a secure channel for generation and transfer of encryption keys over optical fiber communication lines have been determined.
When transferring data over optical fiber communication channels, it is required to provide data security and the authenticity of their source. To limit the access to the data for a third party, there can be applied quantum-cryptographical systems which are supposed to transfer every data bit by means of low power optical signals containing radiation photons the number of which could be in the range from 10 to 1, however, are far from being perfect and suffer from shortcomings, the main of which being a large number of errors due to the depolarization effect of optical radiation. The aim of this work was, therefore, to create device for sending and receiving confidential data which could provide complete security of transferred data, inherent to quantum-cryptographical communication systems at the same time could have a low number of such errors. A device for quantum-cryptographic communication system with a photon counter applied as a receiving module has been proposed. The possibility to use silicon avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode for confidential information transmission systems and defining authenticity of the source of transmitted information has been shown. I develop modern optical fiber communication system incorporating avalanche photodetector photon counter as a receiving module, that allow to detect unauthorized access to information and violation of its integrity and speed up the exchange of information in comparison with well-known quantum-cryptographical communication systems.
The system for transmission and reception of confidential information over fiber-optic communication line on the basis of created single-quantum registration system of optical radiation has 43 been suggested. With regard to such a communication system two types of optical wavelengths have been experimentally justified. One type of optical wavelength is used for information transfer and the second one for time synchronization of information transmission and reception, as well as for detection of unauthorized access to information, created with optical fiber macrobends. Optimal values of optical power, which allowed to provide the highest confidential information data rate and detect more effectively possible data loss channels have been established.
Secure communication became extremely important in the Information Age. Quantum communication protocols have been developed to provide absolutely secure transmission of information. Historically, quantum key distribution (QKD) uses the two-dimensional polarization basis to encode information and the key element of long-distance communication is single-mode optical fiber. However, it intrinsically limits the information content to 1 bit per photon. Nowadays, significant effort is devoted to increase the data carrying capacity of a single quantum secure optical line. Large-core multimode fibers support a multitude of transverse optical modes and can potentially transfer information at much higher density.
We discuss achievable limits for high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) over optical fibers serving as an optical quantum channel and the ways to achieve high rates in secure QKD over non-regenerative optical fiber links. The multicarrier transmission is a viable option to increase the secure rate and it can be combined by the employment of the orbital angular momentum of the photons in order to further increase the total secure rate. Our numerical results indicate that it is possible to achieve QKD transmission rate that exceeds 100 Mb/s over non-regenerative optical fiber links, which could scale above 50 km of deployed fibers. The higher speed QKD with enhanced security could be achieved in a similar manner by employing the total angular momentum and a modified BB84 protocol.