The given article is devoted to philosophical-methodological problems connected with concept nonclassical physical picture of world. The analysis of philosophical problems of physics by means of concept the physical picture of allows to carry out reference to structural units of natural-science picture of world by means of most general definitions of object of research.
The given article is devoted to philosophical-methodological problems connected with concept nonclassical physical picture of world. The analysis of philosophical problems of physics by means of concept the physical picture of allows to carry out reference to structural units of natural-science picture of world by means of most general definitions of object of research.
An adequate physical theory requires something more than just mathematical equations and rules. It needs a philosophical conceptual framework as well. Something special that allows theoretical statements to be connected with human experiences. In classical mechanics the interpretive framework that ties the mathematics to experience does not affect our ontological notion. The basic idea of the classically conceived connection between the physically and psychologically describes aspects of nature is carry-over from the planetary dynamics that was the origin of classical mechanics: the locations of objects are regarded as being directly knowable, without any effects on those objects. In quantum mechanics the process of acquiring information, or knowledge pertaining to the location of that object affects the state that is being probed. This fact changes a status of observer. Now observer is an active part of the acquiring information scheme. New idea of observer requires new model. Observer consists of several parts: object+ apparatus+ environment+ consciousness of researcher. One of the most important function of consciousness is selection of conceptual interpretive framework for mathematical structure that ties theory and experiment. The results of experiments make sense only in appointed interpretative paradigm.
Today, many concepts from the dictionaries of academic psychology have entered the language of everyday communication. Perhaps the most common are the concepts of «subjective» and «objective». In many textbooks of psychology, «objective» is understood as something that belongs to the object itself, something that does not depend on the subject. The objective is opposed to the subjective-personal. Experimental research in the field of quantum physics questioned the division of the world into an impartial «objective reality» and its «subjective» (not impartial, biased) reflection, which provoked a crisis in this field of knowledge and the methodology of science as a whole. The main methodological problems of psychology are the question of the place of the mental in nature; on the relationship of mental and material phenomena, on the possibilities of human cognition - questions that also arose in the depths of quantum physics and were predetermined by the internal logic of their development. An excursion into quantum physics was necessary, firstly, for a deep understanding that reality is given to us in our sensations, perceptions, ideas and mental constructs (this was evidenced by the so-called «double slit experiment» and its interpretations) and we cannot say anything about reality as it is «in itself»; secondly, the realization that the foundations on which our knowledge is built differ from those in quantum physics. Currently, there is a dichotomy between material (physical) and conceptual reality. Thus, the principle of locality, which professes ordinary consciousness and according to which specific objects occupy a specific place in time and space, contradicts the principle of non-locality, according to which isolated systems do not exist at all and every particle of the universe is in «instantaneous» communication with all other particles. The world is created from the same quantum substance and it is impossible to say that one is the cause of the other. (This statement implies, in particular, a rethinking of the «principle of determinism» which requires the establishment of unambiguous causal relationships). The reality in which we live is not quantum, our language and stereotypes of thinking do not correspond to the nature of the phenomena described by quantum physics. It is about the deep properties of matter. Personally, I got the impression that the deeper you plunge into the world of atomic and subatomic, the more the outlines of the specific, material world familiar to us become blurred and the thinner the line between the physical and conceptual world, between the material and the spiritual becomes. The purpose of this article is to define the concepts of "objective" and "subjective" based on the analysis of achievements in quantum physics in the context of psychology.
In this article the problem of understanding in physics is considered. Until the early twentieth century world view is represented by purely mechanistic and an explanation of any phenomenon was solved to a visual image. But with the advent of quantum mechanics visual representations largely disappeared. Thus the problem of understanding become aggravated sharply. In this paper, we have separated the basic physical concepts of primary and secondary. Two aspects of the definition of primary concepts as the operational and the intuitive ones are considered. Particular attention is given to the physics of the microworld. It has been considered a combination of deterministic and probabilistic pattern at this level. The concept of probabilistic determinism was introduced. In this article there is an analysis of not material, not physical, but the pure mathematical nature for de Broglie wave and probability waves. Perhaps, this is a fundamentally new type object, on that so far little attention was paid. Interpretation of all these aspects is based on the fundamental experiment for diffraction of alternately flying electrons carried out by V.A. Fabrikant in 1949 year
The article is devoted to the problem of scientific and philosophical status of complementarity principlef. The author analyzes its explication by N. Bohr and its comprehension by scientists and epistemologists. It is shown that generally, the complementarity principle is a set of ideas, which allows comprehending of specific situation in quantum mechanics. Some of ideas – the role of language of classical physics, the role of macro-instrument, the integrity of scientific experiment, the integrity of micro-object – could be seen as general scientific and epistemological principles. The prohibition of ontologisation of quantum phenomenon, which necessarily leads to contradictions is considered as the semantic core of Bohr’s approach. However, the attempts of its generalization in science and philosophy were not successful. The complementarity postulate is viewed as methodological principle of foundations of quantum mechanics in its Copenhagen interpretation.
A physical theory is a construction of thought which is founded on experience so as to constitute knowledge of the natural world. Propositions in physics are constituted of concepts which express the properties and processes of the physical world. For purposes of record and communication concepts are designated by the terms of a language, such as mathematical symbols, and philosophical discussion may be based on linguistic forms. In this essay, however, the element of discussion will be the concept as a mode of thought through which are grasped the attributes of physical things and the relations exemplified in physical processes. The present philosophical analysis of a physical theory, quantum mechanics, is to be carried out by critical analysis of its basic concepts. In particular, the program is to show that in quantum mechanics the concept of physical object exhibits the characters of discontinuity, complementarity, and relativity.
There are a lot of factors determining our process of defining and describing the nature. Our concept of information is one of these factors. When we consider the nature we are within, the points we have discussed are the concepts like in quest of the universe, infinity, space and absoluteness. Mankind regards the nature as the object of his actions, acts and activities because of perceiving himself within the nature. He abides by the concept of nature and its laws. However, he sometimes mistakes his own laws for the order of nature and claims that his knowledge is absolute laws of nature. He realizes that the concept of nature varies in time when he questions his concept of knowledge. \nWhen the natural science was examined within the philosophy of science in the 20th century, some dilemmas emerged. Namely, as technology gradually improves, the opportunity to experiment and to observe micro and macro scales has arisen. \nThe thesis is based on the exposition of methods, used to improve quantum physics, and the expression of the conception of natural science through the emergent table. As philosophical basics of quantum physics are commented, the history of classical physics and its methods has been analyzed. These two paradigms have been scrutinized fields, such as experiment, observation, mathematics and logic. Similarities and differences have been found. So, one of questions of the philosophy of science, the question about what the method of scientific examination is, has been given a comparative answer. As a result of the comparison between the methods of two paradigms, it has been found out that the source of contradictions, such as continuity-discontinuity, certainty-uncertainty and causality-probability requires to examine the method, instead of examining the world, the interpretation of the world or its meaning.