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Klasik Fiziğin ve Kuantum Fiziğinin Doğa Tasarımımıza Olan Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Tuğba Sever

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

There are a lot of factors determining our process of defining and describing the nature. Our concept of information is one of these factors. When we consider the nature we are within, the points we have discussed are the concepts like in quest of the universe, infinity, space and absoluteness. Mankind regards the nature as the object of his actions, acts and activities because of perceiving himself within the nature. He abides by the concept of nature and its laws. However, he sometimes mistakes his own laws for the order of nature and claims that his knowledge is absolute laws of nature. He realizes that the concept of nature varies in time when he questions his concept of knowledge. \nWhen the natural science was examined within the philosophy of science in the 20th century, some dilemmas emerged. Namely, as technology gradually improves, the opportunity to experiment and to observe micro and macro scales has arisen. \nThe thesis is based on the exposition of methods, used to improve quantum physics, and the expression of the conception of natural science through the emergent table. As philosophical basics of quantum physics are commented, the history of classical physics and its methods has been analyzed. These two paradigms have been scrutinized fields, such as experiment, observation, mathematics and logic. Similarities and differences have been found. So, one of questions of the philosophy of science, the question about what the method of scientific examination is, has been given a comparative answer. As a result of the comparison between the methods of two paradigms, it has been found out that the source of contradictions, such as continuity-discontinuity, certainty-uncertainty and causality-probability requires to examine the method, instead of examining the world, the interpretation of the world or its meaning.

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There are a lot of factors determining our process of defining and describing the nature. Our concept of information is one of these factors. When we consider the nature we are within, the points we have discussed are the concepts like in quest of the universe, infinity, space and absoluteness. Mankind regards the nature as the object of his actions, acts and activities because of perceiving himself within the nature. He abides by the concept of nature and its laws. However, he sometimes mistakes his own laws for the order of nature and claims that his knowledge is absolute laws of nature. He realizes that the concept of nature varies in time when he questions his concept of knowledge. \nWhen the natural science was examined within the philosophy of science in the 20th century, some dilemmas emerged. Namely, as technology gradually improves, the opportunity to experiment and to observe micro and macro scales has arisen. \nThe thesis is based on the exposition of methods, used to improve quantum physics, and the expression of the conception of natural science through the emergent table. As philosophical basics of quantum physics are commented, the history of classical physics and its methods has been analyzed. These two paradigms have been scrutinized fields, such as experiment, observation, mathematics and logic. Similarities and differences have been found. So, one of questions of the philosophy of science, the question about what the method of scientific examination is, has been given a comparative answer. As a result of the comparison between the methods of two paradigms, it has been found out that the source of contradictions, such as continuity-discontinuity, certainty-uncertainty and causality-probability requires to examine the method, instead of examining the world, the interpretation of the world or its meaning.
We have now concluded our summary of the findings of modern physics, and may turn to consider how these findings affect the practical problems of philosophy and of everyday life. But let us first recapitulate the conclusions we have reached in our scientific discussion. Recapitulation Because we are human beings and not mere animals, we try to discover as much as we can about the world in which our lives are cast. We have seen that there is only one method of gaining such knowledge—the method of science, which consists in a direct questioning of nature by observation and experiment. The first thing we learn from such questioning is that the world is rational; its happenings are not determined by caprice but by law. There exists what we have called a ‘pattern of events’, and the primary aim of physical science is the discovery of this pattern. This, as we have seen, will be capable of description only in mathematical terms. The new quantum theory explained in the preceding chapter has provided a mathematical description of the pattern of events which is believed to be complete and perfect. For it enables us—in principle at least—to predict every possible phenomenon of physics, and not one of its predictions has so far proved to be wrong. In a sense, then, we might say that theoretical physics has achieved the main purpose of its being, and that nothing remains but to work out the details.
Among philosophers in particular the principle of complementarity has been considered an unreasonable limitation of natural science, and Niels Bohr’s exposition of the inevitability of a statistical description when accounting for atomic phenomena has been regarded as a renouncement directly opposed to the very spirit of scientific investigation. Indeed, fundamental limitations in the range of applicability of the causal spacetime description of physical phenomena do exist, but quantum physics is precisely the generalization of the conceptual frame of classical physics which has converted these limitations into a springboard for investigations which are among the most fruitful in the history of science. Far from raising a barrier for scientific investigation, quantum physics has extended the scope of natural science to a degree that was unimaginable before its advent. Natural science now encompasses such different objects as the constituents of atoms, processes in remote galaxies, and psycho-chemical phenomena in man. Biochemistry and psychopharmacology, for instance, both rely on one of the most important results of quantum physics: the periodical system of the elements, which is fundamental to all modern chemistry. Furthermore atomic physics and chemistry are basic sciences for technology and thus contribute to the continuous development of instruments of observation for all branches of natural science.
The origin of the universe and matter are topics on which science and philosophy have been questioning themselves for thousands of years and have not received a complete and exhaustive answer. The revolution brought about by quantum physics and astrophysics a hundred years ago produced a completely new vision of the universe, transforming the certainties postulated by classical physics into a probabilistic conception of natural phenomena. In searching for a unifying conception of matter and the universe, quantum mechanics has developed an impressive mass of knowledge and has deepened the investigation up to the most hidden levels of elementary particles and the most remote space, thanks to the most advanced technologies and with the help of artificial satellites. However, many aspects of cosmic immensity and life remain unexplored on earth and many questions remain unanswered. Starting from these uncertainties and doubts that feed other research, in this article I’m going to conduct a critical examination of the conception of matter and the origin of the universe as we describe quantum theory. Emphasizing above all the presumed role of protagonism and infallibility that this discipline claims to absolve with respect to all the others.
Both science and philosophy have been characterized as seeking to understand the nature of reality. They are sometimes even pitted against each other, suggesting that the success of science undermines the relevance of philosophy. But attending to the sort of understanding or explanation being sought offers a different picture: contemporary physics as practiced sometimes fails to provide a clear physical account of the world. This lies at the root of the dissatisfaction with standard quantum theory expressed by Einstein, Schrodinger, and John Bell. As an example, close consideration of Schrodinger’s famous cat example suggests that physicists often have missed his point. What a philosophical disposition can contribute is not alternative physics, but rather the sort of careful attention to argument needed to extract a physical picture from a mathematical formalism.
Classical science and in fact Post-Newtonian science up till the early twentieth century were mired in a deterministic interpretation of realities. The deterministic hypothesis in science holds that everything in nature has a cause and if one could know the antecedent causes, he could predict the future with certainty. But quantum mechanics holds that sub-atomic particles, though the ultimate materials from which all the complexity of existence in the universe emerges, do not obey deterministic laws, hence, their activities are causally indeterminate and could only be understood with probability. This paper argues that quantum mechanics can not totally be free from determinism, for it has subtly conceded to determinism in holding that the sub-atomic particles are the building blocks of the macro world, and that there is interconnection between entities in the universe, even at the nonmanifest level. The probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics only betray our human limitation of the knowledge of nature, which, I believe still have lots of tricks in our sleeves over mankind. Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 8(1) 2005:72-79 Keywords: Keywords:
Kuantum fiziği, madde ve enerjinin atomik ve atom-altı düzeydeki karmaşık davranışlarını inceleyerek, klasik fizik anlayışının ötesinde yeni bir gerçeklik perspektifi sunar. Maddeyi sadece fiziksel bir yapı olarak değil, sürekli enerji alışverişi yapan ve elektromanyetik dalgalar yayan dinamik bir sistem olarak ele alır. Kuantum mekaniği, biyolojik süreçlerin işleyişinden temel parçacık etkileşimlerine kadar evrenin işleyişini açıklayan ilkeler bütünüdür. Bu bakış açısı, canlı organizmaların sadece kimyasal değil, aynı zamanda enerjisel bir temelde işlediğini savunarak tıp ve biyoloji alanlarında yeni bir anlayış geliştirir. Quantum physics examines the complex behaviors of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels, offering a perspective on reality that extends beyond classical physics. It defines matter not merely as a physical structure, but as a dynamic system that constantly exchanges energy and emits electromagnetic waves. Quantum mechanics serves as a foundational set of principles explaining the universe's operations, ranging from biological processes to fundamental particle interactions. By arguing that living organisms function on both chemical and energetic levels, it establishes a new paradigm for biology and medicine.