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Stimulation of Beta Decay due to a

Bose-Einstein Condensate, J. J. Hope, C. M. Savage

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Nuclear processes can be stimulated by the presence of a macroscopic number of bosons in one of the final states. We describe the conditions necessary to observe the atom-stimulation of a beta decay process. The stimulation may be observable if it becomes possible to produce a Bose-Einstein condensate with the order of 10 14 atoms in a trap. It has recently been noted that the rate of gamma ray emission from a nuclear process can be altered by the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) [1]. This process of atom-stimulated photon emission is similar to other proposals involving electronic transitions [2–5], except that it emphasises the fact that any process, including nuclear transtions, may be enhanced. We calculate the stimulation of the emission of a massive particle, in particular a beta particle, and discover that the necessary experimental conditions are less restrictive. The origin of this improvement is that the total momentum kick due to the neutrino and the beta particle may be zero.

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Nuclear processes can be stimulated by the presence of a macroscopic number of bosons in one of the final states. We describe the conditions necessary to observe the atom-stimulation of a beta decay process. The stimulation may be observable if it becomes possible to produce a Bose-Einstein condensate with the order of 10 14 atoms in a trap. It has recently been noted that the rate of gamma ray emission from a nuclear process can be altered by the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) [1]. This process of atom-stimulated photon emission is similar to other proposals involving electronic transitions [2–5], except that it emphasises the fact that any process, including nuclear transtions, may be enhanced. We calculate the stimulation of the emission of a massive particle, in particular a beta particle, and discover that the necessary experimental conditions are less restrictive. The origin of this improvement is that the total momentum kick due to the neutrino and the beta particle may be zero.
The scenario of the experiment on the amplification of gamma rays upon stimulated transitions from metastable states of isomeric nuclei in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) is presented. The experiment involves the successive transport of atoms along the so-called quantum conveyer. It is shown that if the excess broadening of the gamma-ray emission line is eliminated, the total gain G > 1 can be achieved despite the presence of negative factors such as the 'laser lethargy', spontaneous decay of metastable states, etc.
This paper examines the feasibility of constructing an experiment that detects the atomic stimulation of a photon-emission process. A beam of atoms (bosons) in an excited state is passed through an atomic trap that traps the atoms when they are in their internal ground state. When the trap contains a Bose-Einstein condensate, the cross section for absorption of the atomic beam is increased. We examine a particular model in which this atom stimulation is observable and is also characterized by the emission of photons in a narrow cone in the direction of the atomic beam. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We have identified a mechanism of collective nuclear de-excitation in a Bose–Einstein condensate of 135Cs atoms in their isomeric state, 135mCs, suitable for the generation of coherent gamma photons. The process described here relies on coherence transfer from the Bose–Einstein condensate to the photon field, leading to collective decay triggered by spontaneous emission of a gamma photon. The mechanism differs from single-pass amplification, which cannot occur in atomic systems due to the nuclear recoil and the associated large shift between absorption and emission lines, nor does it require the large densities necessary for standard Dicke super-radiance. This overcomes the limitations that have been hindering the production of coherent gamma photons in many systems. Therefore, we propose an approach for generation of coherent gamma rays, which relies on a combination of well established techniques of nuclear and atomic physics, and can be realized with currently available technology.
Superradiance emerges from collective spontaneous emission in optically pumped gases, and is characterized by photon emission enhancements of up to 1/4N^{2} in an N atom system. The gain mechanism derives from correlations developed within the decay medium rather than from stimulated emission as in lasing, so an analog of this process should be possible for fermionic final states. We introduce here the concept of superradiant neutrino emission from a radioactive Bose Einstein condensate, which can form the basis for a superradiant neutrino laser. A plausible experimental realization based on a condensate of electron-capture isotope ^{83}Rb could exhibit effective radioactive decay rates accelerated from 86.2 days to minutes in viably sized rubidium condensates of 10^{6} atoms.
We consider the behavior of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of an atom in an (internal) excited electronic level. We analyze the boson-accumulation regime, defined by the relation N0{\mathit{N}}_{0}N0​\ensuremath{\gg}a,N-N0{\mathit{N}}_{0}N0​, where N is the total number of atoms in the ground electronic state, N0{\mathit{N}}_{0}N0​ is the number of atoms in the condensate, and a is the number of levels to which the excited atom can decay. In this regime, quantum statistical effects related to the boson nature of the atoms are predominant in the process of spontaneous emission. Simple arguments suggest that the proportion of atoms in the condensate decreases after the spontaneous decay. A more elaborated model based on a master equation description shows that, in general, these arguments may lead to erroneous conclusions. Under certain conditions it predicts that the proportion of atoms in the condensate increases. We give an interpretation of this phenomenon in terms of quantum interferences between processes that include reabsorption of the emitted photons, and dipole-dipole interactions between the atoms. The physical effect considered here may help to pump atoms into a condensate and to compensate for atomic losses in the atomic trap. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
It is shown that the asymptotic temporal behaviour of the current value of the stimulated emission cross section leads to a complex dynamics of the radiative release of the nuclear energy of long-lived metastable states induced by the external flux of resonance gamma quanta. The stimulated emission cross section of isomeric nuclei in atoms of a Bose—Einstein condensate becomes sufficient to achieve a comparatively high efficiency of this process, which is manifested in a considerable increase in the decay rate of metastable states.