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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Slow Light by Hybridized Double Split Ring Resonators

Mohammad Parvinnezhad Hokmabadi, Elizabeth Philip, J.H. Kim, E. Rivera, Patrick Kung, Seongsin M. Kim

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Here, we design, fabricate, and characterize EIT-metamaterials by hybridizing two DSRRs into a single unit cell. First we, develop a method to determine the effective thickness of metamaterials which is crucial in calculating the group velocity of light. Then, we present a novel approach to enhance and dynamically tune the slow light characteristic by twisting the inner SRRs of two hybridized DSRRs in a flexible EIT-metamaterial. The design reduces the speed of light by 0.06 time compared with air.

DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2016.jw2a.33

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Here, we design, fabricate, and characterize EIT-metamaterials by hybridizing two DSRRs into a single unit cell. First we, develop a method to determine the effective thickness of metamaterials which is crucial in calculating the group velocity of light. Then, we present a novel approach to enhance and dynamically tune the slow light characteristic by twisting the inner SRRs of two hybridized DSRRs in a flexible EIT-metamaterial. The design reduces the speed of light by 0.06 time compared with air.
This study demonstrates a metamaterial with two coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media. The coupling between two SRR induces a frequency splitting in the spectral response of the metamaterial, opening up a narrow transmission band in the centre of the absorption line. The obtained reduction in group velocity together with the low absorption is useful for a variety of slow-light applications, without the need for the extreme cooling or the large magnetic fields that are typically required for EIT in atomic systems.
Metamaterials, or artificial materials with optical properties not known for natural materials, have recently been used to demonstrate unusual optical phenomena, such as negative refraction, perfect lenses, subwavelength components, and electromagnetic invisibility cloaks. Most of the metamaterials designed to date are periodic structures containing a single resonating element in each unit cell, such as a split-ring resonator (SRR), a cutwire, or a slab-wire pair [1]. In this contribution, we demonstrate that a metamaterial with two coupled SRRs can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media [2]. Due to this process, a small transparency window with low absorption appears in the spectral response of the metamaterial. Simultaneously, extremely steep normal dispersion is observed in the transparency window, which is useful for slow-light applications.
We demonstrate and analyze the use of metamaterials featuring an analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in slow light technology. For most metamaterials, EIT-like effects suffer from intrinsic ohmic loss, and the metamaterial-based slow-light effect can only be tuned passively, which limits their application in slow light devices. We propose a hybrid metamaterial with a unit cell composed of a ring resonator formed from photoactive silicon (Si) and a rectangular bar formed from metallic silver (Ag). Based on an analogue of EIT in the designed hybrid metamaterial, we theoretically demonstrate an all-optical tunable slow-light effect in the telecommunication window. We successfully demonstrate the possibility of designing novel all-optical tunable chip-scale slow-light devices that could be used in optical buffering.
Abstract The realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on metamaterials has special properties, such as strong slow-light, frequency-selection and so on, which have allowed EIT to be widely used in the fields of slow-light, optical storages and filters. In this paper, a metamaterial with two pairs of split ring resonators and one cut-wire is designed to achieve dual-band EIT effect at 0.5–2.14 GHz and 0.4–2.10 GHz with independently tunable bandwidths of 1.64 GHz and 2.7 GHz, respectively. The coupled Lorentz model is adopted to principally study the coupling characteristics between dark and bright modes. It is shown that the coupling strength between the dark and bright modes could be modulated by the coupling distance, which make the dual-band transparent window could be independently modulated by only changing the coupling distance between the bright and dark mode. The group delay and energy storage are also simulated by setting the Gaussian pulse signal passing through the EIT structure. The results show that the group delay of the designed EIT structure is 16.9 times that of the same thickness of dielectric material. The manufactured metamaterial is tested in a microwave anechoic chamber. The experimental and theoretical results are well consistent. These results could be beneficial for the development of EIT research toward some up-and-coming novel slow-light, optical storage, sensor and optical filter applications.
We propose a design strategy to alleviate the tradeoff between the wide frequency band and large group index of metamaterial induced slow light. It is realized with a structure consisting of double bright resonators and a single dark resonator in each unit cell. Such a structure enables the slow light with enhanced bandwidth and increased group index simultaneously than the conventional scheme with only one bright resonator. The origin is attributed to the stronger bright-dark coupling and steeper dispersion in the double bright structure. The slow light characteristics are analytically demonstrated with the coupled oscillator model and verified by the full-wave simulations. The presented design rule may offer an avenue to realize broadband slow light devices.
Manipulating the speed of light has never been more exciting since electromagnetic induced transparency and its classical analogs led to slow light. Here, we report the manipulation of light group velocity in a terahertz metamaterial without needing a dark resonator, but utilizing instead two concentric split-ring bright resonators (meta-atoms) exhibiting a bright Fano resonance in close vicinity of a bright Lorentzian resonance to create a narrowband transmittance. Unlike earlier reports, the bright Fano resonance does not stem from an asymmetry of meta-atoms or an interaction between them. Additionally, we develop a method to determine the metamaterial "effective thickness", which quantifies the influence of the substrate on the metamaterial response and has remained challenging to estimate so far. By doing so, very good agreement between simulated and measured group delays and velocities is accomplished. The proposed structure and method will be useful in designing optical buffers, delay lines, and ultra-sensitive sensors.