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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

The impacts of mobility on performance of physical layer secret key based on angle of arrival

Yida Wang, Xinrong Guan, Yueming Cai, Boxiang Song

Published Oct 1, 2016• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the impacts of mobility on the performance of angle of arrival (AoA) based physical layer secret key (PLSK) is investigated. Specifically, security probability (SP) and consistency probability (CP) are derived to describe the effects of mobility. Moreover, effective key generation rate (EKGR) is defined to evaluate more comprehensively and accurately how the speed in mobile scenario affects the PLSK. The simulation results presented prove the correctness and effectiveness of the analysis, which is important to provide a framework for parameters setting in AoA based PLSK.

DOI
10.1109/wcsp.2016.7752524

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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)•Oct 1, 2018•0 citations
In this paper, the impacts of mobility on the performance of angle of arrival (AoA) based physical layer secret key (PLSK) is investigated. Specifically, security probability (SP) and consistency probability (CP) are derived to describe the effects of mobility. Moreover, effective key generation rate (EKGR) is defined to evaluate more comprehensively and accurately how the speed in mobile scenario affects the PLSK. The simulation results presented prove the correctness and effectiveness of the analysis, which is important to provide a framework for parameters setting in AoA based PLSK.
For the future Internet of Things (IoT) with ubiquitous wireless connectivity, the physical layer secret key (PLSK) scheme has been recognized as an effective and lightweight way to achieve secure communications by exploiting the reciprocity of the wireless channel. Compared with channel state information (CSI)-based PLSK generation schemes, received signal strength (RSS)-based schemes are more advantageous in terms of the communication costs and mobility for the IoT applications. However, due to the vulnerability of predictable channel attacks, RSS-based schemes cannot always guarantee perfect security. In this paper, we combine angle of arrival (AoA) and received signal strength (RSS) to generate physical layer secret key (PLSK). In particular, we propose a novel measurement named effective key generation rate (EKGR) to comprehensively and directly evaluate a PLSK scheme. Meanwhile, we further simplify the conventional PLSK generation steps to meet the low-complexity demand of IoT devices. At last, numerical results demonstrate that comparing with RSS-based and AoA-based schemes, our proposed EKGR of the RSS-AoA-based scheme achieves 78% or even 120% performance improvement.
In the context of physical layer security, a physical layer characteristic is used as a common source of randomness to generate the secret key. Therefore an accurate estimation of this characteristic is the core for reliable secret key generation. Estimation of almost all the existing physical layer characteristic suffer dramatically at low signal to noise (SNR) levels. In this paper, we propose a novel secret key generation algorithm that is based on the estimated angle of arrival (AoA) between the two legitimate nodes. Our algorithm has an outstanding performance at very low SNR levels. Our algorithm can exploit either the Azimuth AoA to generate the secret key or both the Azimuth and Elevation angles to generate the secret key. Exploiting a second common source of randomness adds an extra degree of freedom to the performance of our algorithm. We compare the performance of our algorithm to the algorithm that uses the most commonly used characteristics of the physical layer which are channel amplitude and phase. We show that our algorithm has a very low bit mismatch rate (BMR) at very low SNR when both channel amplitude and phase based algorithm fail to achieve an acceptable BMR.
In the context of physical layer security, a physical layer characteristic is used as a common source of randomness to generate the secret key. Therefore an accurate estimation of this characteristic is the core for reliable secret key generation. Estimation of almost all the existing physical layer characteristic suffer dramatically at low signal to noise (SNR) levels. In this paper, we propose a novel secret key generation algorithm that is based on the estimated angle of arrival (AoA) between the two legitimate nodes. Our algorithm has an outstanding performance at very low SNR levels. Our algorithm can exploit either the Azimuth AoA to generate the secret key or both the Azimuth and Elevation angles to generate the secret key. Exploiting a second common source of randomness adds an extra degree of freedom to the performance of our algorithm. We compare the performance of our algorithm to the algorithm that uses the most commonly used characteristics of the physical layer which are channel amplitude and phase. We show that our algorithm has a very low bit mismatch rate (BMR) at very low SNR when both channel amplitude and phase based algorithm fail to achieve an acceptable BMR.
The increasing use of Internet of Things (IoT) also make data security a very importance. Traditional cryptographic methods are often unsuitable for IoT due to limited processing power and memory capacity, creating a need for lightweight yet effective security solutions. Physical Layer Key Generation (PLKG) offers a promising approach by utilizing the unique characteristics of wireless communication channels to generate secret keys without overloaded system demands. This paper show a performance analysis of Group Secret Key Generation in outdoor environments. The challenges are interfrence, physical obstacles, and dynamic changes in the communication channel was also the part of this analysis. The test results show that group secret key generation achieved optimal performance in Scenario 2, which given a correlation coefficient of 63 %, indicating strong channel similarity between nodes and a bit retention rate of 97.9 % after quantization and error correction. Scenarios 1, 3, and 4 also show a good performance, with correlation coefficients of41%,14%41 \%, 14 \%41%,14%, and 35 %, and corresponding bit retention rates of93.1%,90.9%93.1 \%, 90.9 \%93.1%,90.9%, and 95.2 %, on each tests. All scenarios successfully met the entropy thresholds required for cryptographic applications, which include that randomness and security of the generated keys was confirmed.
Identification is a new paradigm introduced for goal-oriented communication that verifies the semantics of the intended message rather than just transmitting the message bits, which is traditionally done in classical communication systems. One of the key techniques to improve randomized identification capacity is by introducing Common Randomness (CR). Physical Layer Secret Key (PLSK) is one such CR generation technique, where terminals generate secret keys based on changes in channel reciprocity between the wireless terminals and are mainly used for PHY layer encryption. However, the traditional way of evaluating PLSK techniques through bit discrepancies, bit generation rate, and entropy is not sufficient for evaluating their usefulness for identification. This paper proposes three key novel information theory paradigms that can be used alongside other mentioned parameters to evaluate key PLSK techniques for their usefulness in identification, i.e., CR rate, CR capacity, and cost function, followed by a supporting implementation using Software Defined Radio (SDR)s.
Due to extreme confidentiality and low computational load, physical-layer key has set off a revolution in security encryption. However, existing physical layer-key key researches rarely pay attention to the potential value of speed in random source selection. In this paper, we take the mobility characteristics of D2D devices as a random source to design physical-layer key. First of all, we establish a uniform scattering environment model in the cellular network and analyze the impact of D2D device’s speed on the parameters of the wireless channel. On this basis, we propose a mobility-based physical-layer key generation scheme and use Gaussian random vector for key extraction and analysis. Then, we analyze the performance of our scheme, derive the expressions such as key capacity and average key length(ASKL), and compare them with existing solutions through simulation. Finally, the relative results confirm the theoretical derivation and the advantages of our scheme.