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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Generation of pure heralded single-photon states by cross-polarized spontaneous four-wave mixing

Jesper B. Christensen, Colin J. McKinstrie, Karsten K. Rottwitt

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel scheme which employs cross-polarized pumps to generate temporally and spectrally uncorrelated signal-idler photon-pairs through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a birefringent third-order nonlinear waveguide.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2016.ftu4c.8

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We study the preparation of heralded single-photon states using dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing. The dual-pump configuration, which in our case employs cross-polarized pumps, allows for a gradual variation of the nonlinear interaction strength enabled by a birefringence-induced walk-off between the pump pulses. The scheme enables the preparation of highly pure heralded single-photon states, and proves to be extremely robust against the effect of nonlinear phase modulation at the required photon-pair production rates.
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In this work, we propose and theoretically analyze a new scheme for generation of counterpropagating photon pairs in photonic crystal waveguides through the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing. Using the fundamental properties of periodic Bloch modes in a standard photonic crystal waveguide, we demonstrate how modal phase-matching can be reached between forward-propagating pump modes and counterpropagating signal and idler modes, for generation of degenerate and non-degenerate photon pairs. We then show how this scheme can be used for generation of photon pairs that are nearly uncorrelated in the spectral degree of freedom. Such a source will be highly interesting as a heralded source of single photons, especially as the spectrally separable signal and idler photons are also spatially separated directly at the source. We conduct our investigation based on a design in silicon, yet our design concept is general and can in principle be applied to any nanostructured material platform.
Third-order nonlinear processes require phase matching between the interacting fields to achieve high efficiencies. Typically in guided-wave χ(3)χ^{(3)}χ(3) platforms this is achieved by engineering the dispersion of the modes through the transverse profile of the device. However, this limits the flexibility of the phase matching that can be achieved. Instead, we analyze four-wave mixing in a pair of asymmetric waveguides and show that phasematching may be achieved in any χ(3)χ^{(3)}χ(3) waveguide by coupling of a nondegenerate pump from an adjacent waveguide. We demonstrate the additional flexibility that this approach yields in the case of photon-pair generation by spontaneous FWM, where the supermode dispersion may be modified to produce pure heralded single photons -- a critical capability required for example by silicon platforms for chip-scale quantum photonics.