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Laser & Photonics Review

GaAs integrated quantum photonics: Towards compact and multi‐functional quantum photonic integrated circuits (Laser Photonics Rev. 10(6)/2016)

Christof Peter Dietrich, Andrea Fiore, Mark G. Thompson, Martin Kamp, Sven Höfling

Published Nov 1, 2016• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Progress in the field of integrated quantum optics has set the stage for the development of an integrated platform for quantum information processing with photons. For the GaAs system, all key functionalities, including single-photon sources and detectors, photon-number-resolving detectors, integrated autocorrelators and tunable Mach-Zehnder-interferometers have already been realized and tested. This lays the foundation for a fully-integrated quantum photonic technology, with potential applications in quantum simulation and computing. A simple quantum photonic integrated circuit will be able to perform a second-order auto-correlation measurement and to demonstrate two-photon interference of single photons that are generated, filtered, processed and detected on the very same chip. (Picture: Christof P. Dietrich et al., 10.1002/lpor.201500321 pp. 870–894, in this issue)

DOI
10.1002/lpor.201670065

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The recent progress in integrated quantum optics has set the stage for the development of an integrated platform for quantum information processing with photons, with potential applications in quantum simulation. Among the different material platforms being investigated, direct-bandgap semiconductors and particularly gallium arsenide (GaAs) offer the widest range of functionalities, including single- and entangled-photon generation by radiative recombination, low-loss routing, electro-optic modulation and single-photon detection. This paper reviews the recent progress in the development of the key building blocks for GaAs quantum photonics and the perspectives for their full integration in a fully-functional and densely integrated quantum photonic circuit.
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Abstract Integrated photonics will play a key role in quantum systems as they grow from few-qubit prototypes to tens of thousands of qubits. The underlying optical quantum technologies can only be realized through the integration of these components onto quantum photonic integrated circuits (QPICs) with accompanying electronics. In the last decade, remarkable advances in quantum photonic integration have enabled table-top experiments to be scaled down to prototype chips with improvements in efficiency, robustness, and key performance metrics. These advances have enabled integrated quantum photonic technologies combining up to 650 optical and electrical components onto a single chip that are capable of programmable quantum information processing, chip-to-chip networking, hybrid quantum system integration, and high-speed communications. In this roadmap article, we highlight the status, current and future challenges, and emerging technologies in several key research areas in integrated quantum photonics, including photonic platforms, quantum and classical light sources, quantum frequency conversion, integrated detectors, and applications in computing, communications, and sensing. With advances in materials, photonic design architectures, fabrication and integration processes, packaging, and testing and benchmarking, in the next decade we can expect a transition from single- and few-function prototypes to large-scale integration of multi-functional and reconfigurable devices that will have a transformative impact on quantum information science and engineering.