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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Single-photon and photon-number-resolving detectors integrated with waveguide circuits

Dondu Sahin, Alessandro Gaggero, P. Jiang, Zili Zhou, S. Jahanmirinejad, F. Mattioli, Roberto Leoni, Johannes Beetz, M. Lermer, Martin Kamp, Sven Höfling, Mark G. Thompson, Andrea Fiore

Published May 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The integration of single-photon and photon-number-resolving detectors with single-photon sources and passive circuits is essential to realise fully-functional quantum photonic integrated circuits. We have recently demonstrated the first waveguide single photon detectors (WSPDs) [1] and a polarisation-independent on-chip autocorrelator for the measurement of the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) [2], based on superconducting NbN nanowires on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs ridge waveguide.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6802001

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The integration of single-photon and photon-number-resolving detectors with single-photon sources and passive circuits is essential to realise fully-functional quantum photonic integrated circuits. We have recently demonstrated the first waveguide single photon detectors (WSPDs) [1] and a polarisation-independent on-chip autocorrelator for the measurement of the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) [2], based on superconducting NbN nanowires on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs ridge waveguide.
Quantum photonic integration circuits are a promising approach to scalable quantum processing with photons. Waveguide single-photon-detectors (WSPDs) based on superconducting nanowires have been recently shown to be compatible with single-photon sources for a monolithic integration. While standard WSPDs offer single-photon sensitivity, more complex superconducting nanowire structures can be configured to have photon-number-resolving capability. In this work, we present waveguide photon-number-resolving detectors (WPNRDs) on GaAs/Al0.75Ga0.25As ridge waveguides based on a series connection of nanowires. The detection of 0–4 photons has been demonstrated with a four-wire WPNRD, having a single electrical read-out. A device quantum efficiency of ∼24% is reported at 1310 nm for the transverse electric polarization.
Quantum photonic integration is one of the leading approaches for enabling the implementation of quantum simulation and computing at the scale of tens to hundreds of photons. Quantum photonic integrated circuits require the monolithic integration of single-photon sources and passive circuit elements, such as waveguides and couplers, with single-photon detectors. A promising approach for on-chip single-photon detection is the use of superconducting nanowires on top of semiconductor waveguides. Here, we present state-of-the-art NbN films on GaAs for the realization of waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors, suitable for integration with sources and linear optical circuits. Based on the measured optical properties, we propose a new design which allows high absorptance for short nanowires in order to increase the integration density in a quantum photonic chip. Finally, we review recent results on integrated single-photon and photon-number-resolving detectors, and integrated autocorrelators.
We report a novel component for integrated quantum photonic applications, a waveguide single-photon autocorrelator. It is based on two superconducting nanowire detectors patterned onto the same GaAs ridge waveguide. Combining the electrical output of the two detectors in a correlation card enables the measurement of the second-order correlation function g(2) (τ), which realizes the functionality of a Hanbury-Brown and Twiss experiment in a very compact integrated device. Each detector shows a polarization-independent quantum efficiency of ~0.5-1% at 1300 nm. This autocorrelator represents a key building block for quantum photonic integrated circuits including single-photon sources and linear optics.
The monolithic integration of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits, and single-photon detectors enables complex and scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits, for application in linear-optics quantum computing and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a key component of such a circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (∼20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (∼60 ps), and response time in the ns range and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks, and modulators.
We present our progress in the development of an integrated technology suitable for the photonic quantum information processing, showing the first autocorrelator based on two separated detectors integrated on top of the same ridge waveguide. An efficiency of ~1% at 1300 nm for both detectors and independent of the polarization of the incoming photons, is reported. This ultracompact device enables the on-chip measurement of the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) . We will further discuss ongoing work on the integration of detectors with single-photon sources.