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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Waveguide superconducting single-photon autocorrelators for quantum photonic applications

Dondu Sahin, Alessandro Gaggero, G. Frucci, S. Jahanmirinejad, J. P. Sprengers, F. Mattioli, Roberto Leoni, Johannes Beetz, M. Lermer, Martin Kamp, Sven Höfling, Andrea Fiore

Published Mar 28, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a novel component for integrated quantum photonic applications, a waveguide single-photon autocorrelator. It is based on two superconducting nanowire detectors patterned onto the same GaAs ridge waveguide. Combining the electrical output of the two detectors in a correlation card enables the measurement of the second-order correlation function g(2) (τ), which realizes the functionality of a Hanbury-Brown and Twiss experiment in a very compact integrated device. Each detector shows a polarization-independent quantum efficiency of ~0.5-1% at 1300 nm. This autocorrelator represents a key building block for quantum photonic integrated circuits including single-photon sources and linear optics.

DOI
10.1117/12.2004510

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We present our progress in the development of an integrated technology suitable for the photonic quantum information processing, showing the first autocorrelator based on two separated detectors integrated on top of the same ridge waveguide. An efficiency of ~1% at 1300 nm for both detectors and independent of the polarization of the incoming photons, is reported. This ultracompact device enables the on-chip measurement of the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) . We will further discuss ongoing work on the integration of detectors with single-photon sources.
The monolithic integration of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits, and single-photon detectors enables complex and scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits, for application in linear-optics quantum computing and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a key component of such a circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (∼20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (∼60 ps), and response time in the ns range and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks, and modulators.
Quantum photonic integration is one of the leading approaches for enabling the implementation of quantum simulation and computing at the scale of tens to hundreds of photons. Quantum photonic integrated circuits require the monolithic integration of single-photon sources and passive circuit elements, such as waveguides and couplers, with single-photon detectors. A promising approach for on-chip single-photon detection is the use of superconducting nanowires on top of semiconductor waveguides. Here, we present state-of-the-art NbN films on GaAs for the realization of waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors, suitable for integration with sources and linear optical circuits. Based on the measured optical properties, we propose a new design which allows high absorptance for short nanowires in order to increase the integration density in a quantum photonic chip. Finally, we review recent results on integrated single-photon and photon-number-resolving detectors, and integrated autocorrelators.
Fully integrated quantum photonic circuits show a clear advantage in terms of stability and scalability compared to tabletop implementations. They will constitute a fundamental breakthrough in integrated quantum technologies, as a matter of example, in quantum simulation and quantum computation. Despite the fact that only a few building blocks are strictly necessary, their simultaneous realization is highly challenging. This is especially true for the simultaneous implementation of all three key components on the same chip: single-photon sources, photonic logic, and single-photon detectors. Here, we present a fully integrated Hanbury-Brown and Twiss setup on a micrometer-sized footprint consisting of a GaAs waveguide embedding quantum dots as single-photon sources, a waveguide beamsplitter, and two superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. This enables a second-order correlation measurement on the single-photon level under both continuous-wave and pulsed resonant excitation. The presented proof-of-principle experiment proves the simultaneous realization and operation of all three key building blocks and therefore a major step towards fully integrated quantum optical chips.