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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Influence of Doppler effect on the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency

Qiyong Tao, Guiyin Zhang, Haiming Zheng

Published Nov 3, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a significant nonlinear optical phenomenon. Based on the theory of density matrix equation, we presented the influence of Doppler effect on EIT. A cascade type three-level system and Na atomic vapor is adopted during the course. The results showed that EIT is determined by Rabi frequency of the couple and probing field. It is independent of temperature usually. But when we take Doppler effect into account, it is found that the full transparency appeared at the condition of ΩP=0.01GHz, ΩC=1GHz will vary with temperature. An obvious transparent window can be observed only when the temperature is less than 50K. With the increase of temperature, EIT phenomenon disappeared quickly. At room temperature, we can see that the double peaks of Aulter-Townes will instead of the EIT transparent window as Rabi frequency of the couple field is larger than 1.5GHz.

DOI
10.1117/12.2247742

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a significant nonlinear optical phenomenon. Based on the theory of density matrix equation, we presented the influence of Doppler effect on EIT. A cascade type three-level system and Na atomic vapor is adopted during the course. The results showed that EIT is determined by Rabi frequency of the couple and probing field. It is independent of temperature usually. But when we take Doppler effect into account, it is found that the full transparency appeared at the condition of ΩP=0.01GHz, ΩC=1GHz will vary with temperature. An obvious transparent window can be observed only when the temperature is less than 50K. With the increase of temperature, EIT phenomenon disappeared quickly. At room temperature, we can see that the double peaks of Aulter-Townes will instead of the EIT transparent window as Rabi frequency of the couple field is larger than 1.5GHz.
In this paper, we study the formation of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows in a four-level lambda atomic system with Doppler broadening. The depth and the width of the EIT windows are easily changed by adjusting the intensity of the controlling laser fields. Meanwhile, the position of the EIT windows is also easily shifted by changing the frequency of the laser fields. In particular, by turning on or off one of the two coupling laser fields, the probe field response can be switched between one or two EIT window regimes, i.e., it is possible to switch between absorption and transparency regimes, and vice versa. In addition, our analytical model also allows one to investigate the influence of temperature (or Doppler width) on EIT windows, which is necessary for experimental observations as well as related applications at room temperature.
The Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is associated with a Λ three-level system and the spectral position of EIT window can be changed by varying the frequency of the coupling field, however, at large detuning the EIT will evolve into a dispersion-like feature and transparency property of EIT become less obvious. In this paper, it is shown that we can perform EIT frequency tuning by a radio-frequency (rf) field. In the cascade quasic-Λ four-level system, the absorption profile of probe field is calculated by solving the equations of motion of the density matrix. It is shown that the Autler-Townes doublet originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and the spectral position of EIT window is determined by the frequency detuning of the coupling field. When the frequency detuning of the coupling field is half of the rf Rabi frequency, the EIT feature remain its absorptive profile. The frequency tuning rang of EIT is determined by the rf Rabi frequency, and can be explained using a dressed-state analysis. Therefore, frequency tuning range of EIT can be controlled by the rf Rabi frequency.
The effect of changing the coupling laser transition, and hence the wavelength, on the coherently induced transparency seen by a probe beam in a Doppler-broadened cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration is studied experimentally and theoretically. The transparency of the vapor is shown to be an effect not just of EIT, but of the varying Autler-Townes splitting for each velocity group within the vapor. Consequently, the best overall transparency for Rabi splittings less than the Doppler width is not at the position of matched coupling and probe wavelengths, but for coupling wavelengths less than that of the probe. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Atomic coherence and interference play an important role in the study of the atom-photon interactions. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an extensively studied two-photon coherence phenomenon theoretically as well as experimentally. EIT is mainly observed in three-level atomic systems which causes transparency by quenching absorption of the medium. In this paper, based on the lambda type three-level system including energy level |1>, |2> and |3>, a microwave driving field is introduced between the excited-state energy level |3> and another excited-state energy level |4> to form an inverted Y-type four-level system. We theoretically study the two- and three-photon coherence in this system. The results show that the coupling field makes the probing absorption intensity at the resonant frequency have a very narrow line-width depression, i.e., EIT. The microwave field causes a dynamic Stark splitting of the energy level |3> and induces the Aulter-Townes double peaks. Their frequency interval is exactly equal to the Rabi frequency of the microwave field. The presence of all three fields induces wide window of EIT at the line center owing to the enhanced depression results. The transient evolution is also discussed to understand the optical switching process in the system. Our theoretical study will be helpful to get a deeper insight into the three-photon effects in multilevel systems.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in five-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated for three representative configurations: M-, inverted-Y, and K-type systems driven by a weak probe field and three control laser fields. The different coupling schemes produce different quantum interference pathways and two-photon resonance conditions, leading to markedly different EIT spectra. The M-type configuration exhibits one, two, and three well-resolved transparency windows as successive control fields are introduced. In contrast, the inverted-Y configuration produces broader transparency windows because of the overlap of multiple interference channels, whereas the K-type configuration exhibits only a single EIT window when all control fields are resonant. Multiple transparency windows in the K-type system appear after introducing appropriate coupling-field detunings. Doppler broadening at room temperature significantly broadens the absorption spectrum and reduces the transparency depth, while preserving the number and positions of the EIT windows. These results demonstrate that the coupling scheme plays an important role in determining the formation and evolution of multi-window EIT spectra and identify the characteristics of the three five-level configurations for multi-channel quantum-optical applications, as well as for the experimental observation of EIT spectra in five-level configurations.
A theoretical model using the density matrix approach has been presented to show the influence of multiple excited states on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cascade-type Doppler broadened medium. A five-level system has been considered that is a simple case of the 87 Rb atom. In a room temperature vapour, when the Doppler broadening is comparable with hyperfine splitting in the middle states, there is a strong reduction in EIT. By performing the thermal averaging in the five-level Doppler broadened system, we observe an asymmetric transparency that has already been shown in most of the experimental work.