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Semiconductors

On the condensation of exciton polaritons in microcavities induced by a magnetic field

Vladimir P. Kochereshko, Darya Avdoshina, Pavlos G. Savvidis, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, Alexey Vitalievich Kavokin, Lucien Besombes, Henri Mariette

Published Nov 1, 2016• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The photoluminescence spectra of exciton polaritons in microcavities under conditions of three-dimensional quantization are studied as a factor of the density of the optical excitation and magnetic field. The behavior of the degree of circular polarization of the exciton luminescence in a magnetic field shows that, when the concentration of excitons increases, they condense at the lowest Zeeman sublevel.

DOI
10.1134/s1063782616110142

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The photoluminescence spectra of exciton polaritons in microcavities under conditions of three-dimensional quantization are studied as a factor of the density of the optical excitation and magnetic field. The behavior of the degree of circular polarization of the exciton luminescence in a magnetic field shows that, when the concentration of excitons increases, they condense at the lowest Zeeman sublevel.
Abstract The dependences of the exciton-polariton photoluminescence spectra on the intensity of optical excitation and external magnetic fields are investigated in cylindrical mesas based on high-quality microcavities. It was found that with an increase of the intensity of optical excitation above a certain threshold at sufficiently large magnetic field or with an increase of magnetic fields at constant optical excitation, the distribution of exciton-polaritons over Zeeman sublevels becomes substantially non-Boltzmannian.
The effect of a magnetic field on a spinor exciton-polariton condensate has been investigated. A quenching of a polariton Zeeman splitting and an elliptical polarization of the condensate have been observed at low magnetic fields B<2 T. The effects are attributed to a competition between the magnetic field induced circular polarization buildup and the spin-anisotropic polariton-polariton interaction which favors a linear polarization. The sign of the circular polarization of the condensate emission at B<3 T is negative, suggesting that a dynamic condensation in the excited spin state rather than the ground spin state takes place in this magnetic field range. From about 2T on, the Zeeman splitting opens and from then on the slope of the circular polarization degree changes its sign. For magnetic fields larger than the 3 T, the upper spin state occupation is energetically suppressed and circularly polarized condensation takes place in the ground state.
Abstract A complete-nonequilibrium model is proposed to investigate spinor exciton-polariton condensates (SEPCs) in a magnetic field. Due to the Zeeman splitting (ZS), the loss rates of two spin components in a magnetic field are distinct and affected by the magnetic field. Therefore, the individual spin component of a SEPC has its own threshold pump power. We investigate the ZS and degree of circular polarization of the SEPC as a function of the excitation power and magnetic field. Above both spin-dependent threshold pump powers, we find an increasing degree of circular polarization with the magnetic field and a quenching of the ZS below a critical strength of the magnetic field. The ZS of a SEPC shows a reverse sign and its magnitude is increasing significantly compared to the uncondensed exciton-polartion ZS. The effect of a magnetic field on excitation spectra of SEPCs are also investigated. We find that the excitation dispersions are Bogoliubov excitations if the pump power is low. The nonequilibrium fluctuations in a SEPC are reduced when a magnetic field is applied.
From the canonical and rotating-wave transformations, we obtained the effective lower-polariton Hamiltonian depending on the applied magnetic field from the coupling of one of the quantum-well excitons and photons in a semiconductor microcavity. When the pump field is circularly polarized, the nonlinear interaction can induce a strong polariton blockade near the resonant peaks, which can be suppressed by a large pump in weak magnetic field situations. Thus, the platform behavior in the variation of the polariton occupation proves the polariton quantum blockade. On the other hand, when the pump field is linearly polarized, we achieve a single-photon emitter whose polariton polarization can be adjusted by an applied magnetic field. Polaritons with opposite spins, on the other hand, are anti-bunching in the lower excitation regime and become bunching only in weak magnetic field situations and a high excitation regime. Our findings constitute a potential step toward the realization of strongly coupled polaritonic systems.
Reflectivity spectra of high-quality quantum microcavity structures are investigated in high magnetic fields from 0 to 14 T. Over this field range we observe an increase in the vacuum Rabi splitting by a factor of 1.4, due to the magnetic-field-induced increase of exciton oscillator strength. In addition, exciton Zeeman splitting is seen. We demonstrate that this splitting arises from the independent interaction of each exciton spin component with the corresponding circularly polarized cavity photon mode. We also report anomalous broadening of the higher-energy polariton feature in high magnetic field, raising doubts that the same broadening seen at zero magnetic field is due to coupling of the cavity mode with higher discrete and continuum exciton states.