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Optics Express

Spatio-temporal study of non-degenerate two-wave mixing in bacteriorhodopsin films

Salvador Blaya, Alejandro González, Pablo Acebal, L. Carretero

Published Oct 25, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A spatio-temporal analysis of non-degenerate two-wave mixing in a saturable absorber, such as bacteriorhodopsin (bR) film, is performed. To do this, a theoretical model describing the temporal variation of the intensities is developed by taking into account the dielectric constant as a function of bR population. A good agreement between theory and experimental measurements is obtained. Thus, the dependence of the optical gain and the main dielectric constant parameters are studied at different intensities and frequencies. As a result, the best intensity-frequency zones where higher coupling is reached are proposed, and it is also demonstrated that non-uniform patterns, which evolve over time as a function of frequency difference, can be observed.

DOI
10.1364/oe.24.025565

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A spatio-temporal analysis of non-degenerate two-wave mixing in a saturable absorber, such as bacteriorhodopsin (bR) film, is performed. To do this, a theoretical model describing the temporal variation of the intensities is developed by taking into account the dielectric constant as a function of bR population. A good agreement between theory and experimental measurements is obtained. Thus, the dependence of the optical gain and the main dielectric constant parameters are studied at different intensities and frequencies. As a result, the best intensity-frequency zones where higher coupling is reached are proposed, and it is also demonstrated that non-uniform patterns, which evolve over time as a function of frequency difference, can be observed.
We report direct observations of all-optical mirrorless bistability associated with saturable absorption in three kinds of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) samples: wild-type BR in water solution and dispersed in thin films of a polymer matrix as well as water solution of the genetically engineered mutant BRD96N. The experiments are carried out with picosecond pulses at 532 nm. The values measured for the saturation intensity are explained in terms of the relaxation of the excited M state population to the B state of the BR photocycle for the three kinds of samples studied.
The propagation of sinusoidal pulses in bacteriorhodopsin films has been theoretically analyzed using a complete study of the photoinduced processes that take into account all the physical parameters, the coupling of rate equations with the energy transfer equation and the temperature change during the experiment. The theoretical approach was compared to experimental data and a good concordance was observed. This theoretical treatment, can be widely applied, i.e when arbitrary pump and/or signal is used or in the case of the pump and signal beams have different wavelengths. Due to we have performed a rigorous analysis, from this treatment the corresponding two level approximation has also been analyzed for these systems.
Phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in a saturable absorbing medium with a relatively long-lived excited state is analyzed; the analytical results are compared with experimental results. We propose a four-level model and take into account the effects of both excited-state absorption and pump propagation to explain the experimental results, which could not be explained by the models proposed previously. The numerical result predicts that the value of the phase-conjugate reflectivity as a function of the pump intensity is maximum at a certain absorbance (as absorbance increases) that is dependent on the cross section of the excited-state absorption. The present analysis explains most observations in the experiment, which was performed with a saturable-dye-doped polymer film as the saturable absorbing medium.
We present a time-resolved study of the diffracted pulse in degenerate four-wave mixing experiments with short-response-time materials. The first step is the validation of a theoretical model that takes into account the temporal characteristics of the energy level (relaxation time T1 and dephasing time T2) and of the incident pulse (duration and spectral phase) in a simple particular case. Two methods are used for characterizing the diffracted beam: the amplitude correlation with the reference pulse and the spectrum intensity measurements. We discuss the experimental results, which show good agreement with the theoretical model and evidence the strong influence of the incident pulse characteristics.
We analyze power transfer by nearly degenerate two-wave mixing (TWM) in a saturable absorbing medium by assuming a three-level model for the saturable absorbing medium. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental ones by using an erythrosin-B-doped polymer film as the saturable absorbing medium. Pump-intensity-dependent behavior of the TWM gain that is predicted by the theory was experimentally verified with this dye-doped film. The saturation intensity Is and the detuning parameter δ of erythrosin B were estimated by the comparison of the theory and the experiment: Is ≈ 1.6 W/cm2, δ ≈ 1.1. The theoretical curves calculated from these values are in good agreement with the experimental curves near resonance, whereas they disagree with the experimental results as the laser frequency shifts off resonance.
We report the energy-transfer efficiency in a saturable absorber nonlinear media by two-coherent-wave coupling using the Doppler shift. Intensity-dependent nondegenerate two-beam coupling has been studied in Rhodamine 110-doped boric acid glass films. Two beams have been described in the limit of a weak probe and a relatively strong pump at the wavelength 488 nm from a continuous-wave Ar+ laser. The results have been interpreted in terms of the four-level description of a saturable absorber. We obtained good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results. Estimated values of the nonlinear parameters such as the saturation intensity, refractive index, and the response time of the optical nonlinearity have been obtained at different pump beam intensities for the first time, to our knowledge, in the Rhodamine 110-doped film.