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Optics Express

Rigorous analysis of the propagation of sinusoidal pulses in bacteriorhodopsin films

Pablo Acebal, Salvador Blaya, L. Carretero, Roque Fernando Madrigal, Antonio Fimia

Published Oct 25, 2012• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The propagation of sinusoidal pulses in bacteriorhodopsin films has been theoretically analyzed using a complete study of the photoinduced processes that take into account all the physical parameters, the coupling of rate equations with the energy transfer equation and the temperature change during the experiment. The theoretical approach was compared to experimental data and a good concordance was observed. This theoretical treatment, can be widely applied, i.e when arbitrary pump and/or signal is used or in the case of the pump and signal beams have different wavelengths. Due to we have performed a rigorous analysis, from this treatment the corresponding two level approximation has also been analyzed for these systems.

DOI
10.1364/oe.20.025497

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The propagation of sinusoidal pulses in bacteriorhodopsin films has been theoretically analyzed using a complete study of the photoinduced processes that take into account all the physical parameters, the coupling of rate equations with the energy transfer equation and the temperature change during the experiment. The theoretical approach was compared to experimental data and a good concordance was observed. This theoretical treatment, can be widely applied, i.e when arbitrary pump and/or signal is used or in the case of the pump and signal beams have different wavelengths. Due to we have performed a rigorous analysis, from this treatment the corresponding two level approximation has also been analyzed for these systems.
A spatio-temporal analysis of non-degenerate two-wave mixing in a saturable absorber, such as bacteriorhodopsin (bR) film, is performed. To do this, a theoretical model describing the temporal variation of the intensities is developed by taking into account the dielectric constant as a function of bR population. A good agreement between theory and experimental measurements is obtained. Thus, the dependence of the optical gain and the main dielectric constant parameters are studied at different intensities and frequencies. As a result, the best intensity-frequency zones where higher coupling is reached are proposed, and it is also demonstrated that non-uniform patterns, which evolve over time as a function of frequency difference, can be observed.
We develop an analytical approach to the dynamics of band populations of reverse saturable absorbers modeled by the three-level approximation of the five-level rate equations. We find high-accuracy approximate solutions to these rate equations, taking into account the temporal shape of the incident laser pulse for different regimes of excitation. The results obtained are confirmed by direct numerical integration of the rate equations and are verified by solution of the full system of the rate and the propagation equations. The validity ranges of the approximations are determined. We also prove that for input pulses that are much longer than the lifetime of the first excited state the ground-state depletion obeys the same functional dependence on the input fluence as in the case of rectangular input pulses. The dynamics of the excited states, however, explicitly depends on the pulse shape. We quantitatively estimate the effect of various parameters on the nonlinear absorption coefficient and discuss implementation of the approach by a beam propagation method to reduce the computational time.
We theoretically and experimentally study absorption of picosecond laser pulses in materials described by a four-level system that exhibit reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Using an approximate solution to the rate equations, we derive, analyze, and verify, numerically and experimentally, a single dynamical equation for the spatial evolution of the pulse fluence that includes both the rate equations and the propagation equation. This analytical approach considerably simplifies the study of optical limiting with picosecond pulses and helps to predict the behavior of the nonlinear transmittance, the level of output signal clamping, and a possible turnover from RSA to saturable absorption that restricts the performance of optical limiters based on RSA. The results obtained can also be used to characterize RSA materials by the pump–probe technique.
All-optical logic gates based on photoinduced anisotropy of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) film are proposed. The photoinduced anisotropy in BR film, which arises from the selective absorption of BR molecules to polarized light, can be controlled by changing the amplitudes and polarizations of exiting beams. As a consequence, the polarization of the probe light passing through the BR film can be controlled by the polarization of the exiting beam. Based on this property, a novel scheme of all-optical logic gates, such as AND, OR, XOR and NOT, has been implemented via the pump-probe technique. A theoretical model for the all-optical logic gates is proposed, and the theoretical predictions are demonstrated with the experimental results.
Most chirped-pulse experiments refer to a theoretical study from McGurk, Schmalz, and Flygare [J. Chem. Phys. 60, 4181 (1974)] which is well tailored to interpret the signals obtained with very fast chirped pulses, but is not sufficient to account for the signals in the case of slower chirped pulses used in spectroscopy to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. A theoretical study of the polarization of molecules subjected to a chirped pulse in a cell, uniform supersonic flow, or molecular beam is presented. Three degrees of approximation for the polarization are introduced and are compared with the numerical solution of the optical Bloch equations. These expressions enter the analytic expression of the free-induction-decay signal which is validated against experimental data on the rotational emission spectra of OCS molecules. A relation among the pulse duration, the line position in the chirped pulse, and the signal amplitude is proposed in the thermalized case. It assists in the optimization of the chirped-pulse parameters and in the estimation of the error associated with the line intensity.